Formation and dynamics of self-bound droplets in dipolar molecular condensate
Abstract
We study self-bound quantum droplets in the regime dominated by microwave-induced non-axisymmetric dipole-dipole interactions, using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. We identify the existence region through numerical simulations and employ an anisotropic Gaussian-super-Gaussian variational ansätz to capture the characteristic density profile of the droplets, with a Gaussian profile along the narrow x direction and super-Gaussian profiles in the extended (y,z) plane. Within this variational framework, we characterize the self-binding, spatial localization, and density-compression properties of the droplets and find good agreement between the variational predictions and the numerical results. Collisions between droplets moving along different directions reveal a strong directional dependence, with outcomes ranging from quasi-elastic rebound and merger to fragmentation. In addition, we explore the rotational dynamics of a single self-bound droplet about all three Cartesian axes, revealing rich and controllable three-dimensional rotational dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate how non-axisymmetric dipolar interactions provide versatile means for controlling the translational, collisional, and rotational dynamics of self-bound quantum droplets.
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BibTeX
@misc{tang2026formation,
title = {{Formation and dynamics of self-bound droplets in dipolar molecular condensate}},
author = {Xinyi Tang and Tianmiao Zhang and Zibin Zhao and Guilong Li and Zhaopin Chen and Bin Liu and Boris A. Malomed and Yongyao Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.22503},
eprint = {2606.22503},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22503},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Formation and dynamics of self-bound droplets in dipolar molecular condensate
AU - Xinyi Tang
AU - Tianmiao Zhang
AU - Zibin Zhao
AU - Guilong Li
AU - Zhaopin Chen
AU - Bin Liu
AU - Boris A. Malomed
AU - Yongyao Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2606.22503
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22503
AB - We study self-bound quantum droplets in the regime dominated by microwave-induced non-axisymmetric dipole-dipole interactions, using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with the Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. We identify the existence region through numerical simulations and employ an anisotropic Gaussian-super-Gaussian variational ansätz to capture the characteristic density profile of the droplets, with a Gaussian profile along the narrow x direction and super-Gaussian profiles in the extended (y,z) plane. Within this variational framework, we characterize the self-binding, spatial localization, and density-compression properties of the droplets and find good agreement between the variational predictions and the numerical results. Collisions between droplets moving along different directions reveal a strong directional dependence, with outcomes ranging from quasi-elastic rebound and merger to fragmentation. In addition, we explore the rotational dynamics of a single self-bound droplet about all three Cartesian axes, revealing rich and controllable three-dimensional rotational dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate how non-axisymmetric dipolar interactions provide versatile means for controlling the translational, collisional, and rotational dynamics of self-bound quantum droplets.
ER -