Predictive validity of daily sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)-2 score for 30-day mortality
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- 2Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 3Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected]
- 4Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected]
- 5Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract
PURPOSE: The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was recently updated to better reflect contemporary intensive care. This study compares the predictive validity of the updated SOFA-2 and the previous SOFA-1 for 30-day mortality over the first week in ICU, overall and in subgroups with distinct age and comorbidity profiles. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients admitted to four ICUs in Sweden from 2010 to 2021. Predictive validity for 30-day mortality was assessed on day 1-7 using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: We included 29,820 admissions (mean age 60 years, 64.8% males, median Charlson comorbidity index [CCI] 1). Reclassification between SOFA-1 and SOFA-2 occurred in 75-79% of admissions across days 1-7. On day 1, the AUROC for 30-day mortality was 0.81 (95% CI 0.80-0.81) for SOFA-2 and 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81) for SOFA-1 (p < 0.001). From day 2 onward, AUROCs declined for both scores and were largely similar. Among trauma patients (mean age 50 years; median CCI 0), day-1 AUROC for SOFA-2 was 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), while among sepsis patients (mean age 61 years; median CCI 3) it was 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.74), with comparable performance for SOFA-1. CONCLUSIONS: SOFA-2 provided modestly better discrimination for 30-day mortality on ICU-day 1 compared with SOFA-1. Predictive validity diminished over subsequent days for both scores and varied across subgroups with different age and comorbidity distributions, underscoring the context-dependence of organ dysfunction scoring. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17651826 , registration date November 19, 2025.
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BibTeX
@article{helleberg2026predictive,
title = {{Predictive validity of daily sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)-2 score for 30-day mortality}},
author = {Johan Helleberg and Anna Sundelin and Navid Soltani and Olav Rooyackers and Johan Mårtensson},
journal = {Critical Care},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1186/s13054-026-06093-8},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-026-06093-8},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Predictive validity of daily sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)-2 score for 30-day mortality
AU - Johan Helleberg
AU - Anna Sundelin
AU - Navid Soltani
AU - Olav Rooyackers
AU - Johan Mårtensson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
JO - Critical Care
DO - 10.1186/s13054-026-06093-8
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-026-06093-8
AB - PURPOSE: The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was recently updated to better reflect contemporary intensive care. This study compares the predictive validity of the updated SOFA-2 and the previous SOFA-1 for 30-day mortality over the first week in ICU, overall and in subgroups with distinct age and comorbidity profiles. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients admitted to four ICUs in Sweden from 2010 to 2021. Predictive validity for 30-day mortality was assessed on day 1-7 using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: We included 29,820 admissions (mean age 60 years, 64.8% males, median Charlson comorbidity index [CCI] 1). Reclassification between SOFA-1 and SOFA-2 occurred in 75-79% of admissions across days 1-7. On day 1, the AUROC for 30-day mortality was 0.81 (95% CI 0.80-0.81) for SOFA-2 and 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81) for SOFA-1 (p < 0.001). From day 2 onward, AUROCs declined for both scores and were largely similar. Among trauma patients (mean age 50 years; median CCI 0), day-1 AUROC for SOFA-2 was 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), while among sepsis patients (mean age 61 years; median CCI 3) it was 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.74), with comparable performance for SOFA-1. CONCLUSIONS: SOFA-2 provided modestly better discrimination for 30-day mortality on ICU-day 1 compared with SOFA-1. Predictive validity diminished over subsequent days for both scores and varied across subgroups with different age and comorbidity distributions, underscoring the context-dependence of organ dysfunction scoring. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17651826 , registration date November 19, 2025.
SN - 1364-8535
SN - 1466-609X
SN - 1574-4280
SN - 1875-7081
ER -