Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as a Predictor of Intensive Care Unit Mortality in Patients With Maxillofacial Trauma: A Prospective Observational Study.
8 affiliations
- 1Department of General Medicine and Critical Care, Manorama Super Speciality Hospital, Nizamabad, IND.
- 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Tata Main Hospital, Dhanbad, IND.
- 3Department of Dentistry, Balurghat District Hospital, Balurghat, IND.
- 4Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, IND.
- 5Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, IND.
- 6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Care Dental College, Guntur, IND.
- 7Department of Otolaryngology, Tata Main Hospital, Dhanbad, IND.
- 8Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND.
Abstract
Introduction
Maxillofacial trauma that requires intensive care may be complicated by systemic organ dysfunction and mortality. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score provides an objective measure of physiological deterioration, whereas serial assessments may offer greater prognostic information than a single measurement. This study evaluated the prognostic performance of the admission SOFA score, 48-hour SOFA score, and ΔSOFA score (ΔSOFA) for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality.Materials and methods
This prospective observational study included 130 consecutive patients with maxillofacial trauma admitted to the ICU over a one-year period from June 2018 to May 2019. SOFA scores were recorded at admission to the ICU (SOFA-0) and at 48 hours (SOFA-48). ΔSOFA was calculated as SOFA-48 minus SOFA-0. The patients were categorized according to their ICU survival status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminatory ability of each SOFA score.Results
Of 130 patients, 105 survived, and 25 died during ICU admission. Non-survivors had higher SOFA-0 scores than survivors (11.0 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.0; p < 0.001) and higher SOFA-48 scores (13.8 ± 4.2 vs. 5.2 ± 3.0; p < 0.001). ΔSOFA demonstrated worsening organ dysfunction among non-survivors compared with improvement among survivors (2.8 ± 3.6 vs. -1.3 ± 2.5; p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.79 for SOFA-0, 0.91 for SOFA-48, and 0.93 for ΔSOFA. A ΔSOFA cut-off of >+1.5 demonstrated 92.0% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity.Conclusion
Serial SOFA assessment, particularly ΔSOFA, demonstrated strong prognostic utility for ICU mortality in patients with maxillofacial trauma. Early worsening of organ dysfunction may help identify patients at increased risk of poor outcomes.
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BibTeX
@article{shashidhar2026sequential,
title = {{Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as a Predictor of Intensive Care Unit Mortality in Patients With Maxillofacial Trauma: A Prospective Observational Study.}},
author = {Hanish Shashidhar and Prasad P Ingley and Arani Roy and Sanpreet S Sachdev and Pritha Negi and Mohammed Taslim Fathima and Niti Prasad Ingley and Rahul Vc Tiwari},
journal = {Cureus},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.7759/cureus.116925},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928942},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as a Predictor of Intensive Care Unit Mortality in Patients With Maxillofacial Trauma: A Prospective Observational Study.
AU - Hanish Shashidhar
AU - Prasad P Ingley
AU - Arani Roy
AU - Sanpreet S Sachdev
AU - Pritha Negi
AU - Mohammed Taslim Fathima
AU - Niti Prasad Ingley
AU - Rahul Vc Tiwari
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Cureus
DO - 10.7759/cureus.116925
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928942
AB - Introduction Maxillofacial trauma that requires intensive care may be complicated by systemic organ dysfunction and mortality. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score provides an objective measure of physiological deterioration, whereas serial assessments may offer greater prognostic information than a single measurement. This study evaluated the prognostic performance of the admission SOFA score, 48-hour SOFA score, and ΔSOFA score (ΔSOFA) for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality.Materials and methods This prospective observational study included 130 consecutive patients with maxillofacial trauma admitted to the ICU over a one-year period from June 2018 to May 2019. SOFA scores were recorded at admission to the ICU (SOFA-0) and at 48 hours (SOFA-48). ΔSOFA was calculated as SOFA-48 minus SOFA-0. The patients were categorized according to their ICU survival status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminatory ability of each SOFA score.Results Of 130 patients, 105 survived, and 25 died during ICU admission. Non-survivors had higher SOFA-0 scores than survivors (11.0 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.0; p < 0.001) and higher SOFA-48 scores (13.8 ± 4.2 vs. 5.2 ± 3.0; p < 0.001). ΔSOFA demonstrated worsening organ dysfunction among non-survivors compared with improvement among survivors (2.8 ± 3.6 vs. -1.3 ± 2.5; p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.79 for SOFA-0, 0.91 for SOFA-48, and 0.93 for ΔSOFA. A ΔSOFA cut-off of >+1.5 demonstrated 92.0% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity.Conclusion Serial SOFA assessment, particularly ΔSOFA, demonstrated strong prognostic utility for ICU mortality in patients with maxillofacial trauma. Early worsening of organ dysfunction may help identify patients at increased risk of poor outcomes.
SN - 2168-8184
ER -