Reflections for the Future of AMR Surveillance and AMR Action.
24 affiliations
- 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
- 2Fleming Fund Technical Advisory Group.
- 3Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, United Kingdom.
- 4Itad Ltd, Independent Consultant, International House, Queens Road, Brighton, United Kingdom.
- 5Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization.
- 6Fleming Fund management agent, Mott MacDonald, London, United Kingdom.
- 7UK Health Security Agency.
- 8Animal and Plant Health Agency.
- 9Food and Agricultural Organization.
- 10College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia.
- 11Veterinary Medicines Directorate.
- 12Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
- 13Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
- 14Department of Infectious Diseases, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- 15Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
- 16Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Child Health and Migration, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
- 17Commonwealth Pharmacists Association.
- 18Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, United Kingdom.
- 19Department of Health and Social Care, United Kingdom.
- 20Fleming Fund Expert Advisory Group, United Kingdom.
- 21Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
- 22Family Health and Infectious Diseases, East Central and Southern Africa Health Community, Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania.
- 23World Organization for Animal Health.
- 24Oxford Health Evaluations, Buckingham, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Background
This paper builds on the other papers in this series to present high-level lessons learnt and considerations for the future of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and its contribution to action on AMR in low- and middle-income countries.Methods
Participatory synthesis involved engagement with individuals who had worked within and alongside the Fleming Fund from a range of organizations and geographies, to scope and solidify lessons learnt and future considerations relevant to a wide range of donors, partners, and policy makers or implementors. Contributors were invited to join a Writing Group, which included individuals from academia, clinical sciences, applied public, animal, environment, and food sciences health, as well as senior scientists and administrators from 14 organizations. The synthesis was informed by contributions to 4 virtual workshops and 3 drafts of the manuscript. Authors read and commented on the drafts, several wrote and referenced sections, and all gave substantive feedback with their reactions to the draft conclusions as consensus was built.Results
Over nearly 10 years, the Fleming Fund achieved significant improvements in AMR surveillance. Analysis of the barriers and enablers across settings and systems highlights key lessons for how surveillance is positioned, funded, used, and innovated upon. The success of future AMR surveillance and its sustainability relies on planning within resource constraints for a sharpened system that focuses the scope, frequency, and depth of data to inform action, technical, and architectural developments directions to streamline investment and financing that supports country-led sustainable approaches.Conclusions
Investment in AMR surveillance and broader AMR actions has yielded substantial progress. Expanded domestic public financing, large-scale private sector engagement, or enhanced multilateral support will be needed to ensure recent gains are sustained. Progress will require well-designed, targeted, and cost-effective investments to maintain current capacity while enabling further system strengthening.
Related
- Implementing AMR surveillance at a tertiary hospital in a low-income country: results from the Surveillance Partnership to Improve Data for Action on AMR (SPIDAAR) in Malawi
- Surveillance Data Use Through the Fleming Fund: Informing Action on Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
- Intrinsic Goals for Autonomous Agents: Hierarchical Exploration Captures Future Volitional Action in Drosophila
- The role of disease surveillance in maternal pertussis vaccination programmes in Europe: lessons for the future
- Intrinsic Goals for Autonomous Agents: Hierarchical Exploration Captures Future Volitional Action in Drosophila
BibTeX
@article{chandler2026reflections,
title = {{Reflections for the Future of AMR Surveillance and AMR Action.}},
author = {Clare I R Chandler and Syed Abbas and Afreenish Amir and Sylvia Bertagnolio and Lillian Bibangamba and Colin Brown and Hannah Brown and Roderick M Card and Adrienne Chattoe-Brown and Rachel Dalton and Archie Drake and Stanley Fenwick and Clare Gilbert and Claire Gordon and Ankur Gupta-Wright and Heidi Hopkins and Emmanuel Kabali and Freddy Kitutu and Toby Leslie and Rebecca Maudling and Maxencia Nabiryo and Amy Potter and Helena Rosado and Victoria Rutter and Nandini Shetty and Tim Shorten and Milena von Und Zur Mühlen and Catriona Waddington and Jaap A Wagenaar and Evelyn Wesangula and Dan Whitaker and Javier Yugueros-Marcos and Kate Macintyre},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciag498},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895840},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Reflections for the Future of AMR Surveillance and AMR Action.
AU - Clare I R Chandler
AU - Syed Abbas
AU - Afreenish Amir
AU - Sylvia Bertagnolio
AU - Lillian Bibangamba
AU - Colin Brown
AU - Hannah Brown
AU - Roderick M Card
AU - Adrienne Chattoe-Brown
AU - Rachel Dalton
AU - Archie Drake
AU - Stanley Fenwick
AU - Clare Gilbert
AU - Claire Gordon
AU - Ankur Gupta-Wright
AU - Heidi Hopkins
AU - Emmanuel Kabali
AU - Freddy Kitutu
AU - Toby Leslie
AU - Rebecca Maudling
AU - Maxencia Nabiryo
AU - Amy Potter
AU - Helena Rosado
AU - Victoria Rutter
AU - Nandini Shetty
AU - Tim Shorten
AU - Milena von Und Zur Mühlen
AU - Catriona Waddington
AU - Jaap A Wagenaar
AU - Evelyn Wesangula
AU - Dan Whitaker
AU - Javier Yugueros-Marcos
AU - Kate Macintyre
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciag498
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895840
AB - Background This paper builds on the other papers in this series to present high-level lessons learnt and considerations for the future of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and its contribution to action on AMR in low- and middle-income countries.Methods Participatory synthesis involved engagement with individuals who had worked within and alongside the Fleming Fund from a range of organizations and geographies, to scope and solidify lessons learnt and future considerations relevant to a wide range of donors, partners, and policy makers or implementors. Contributors were invited to join a Writing Group, which included individuals from academia, clinical sciences, applied public, animal, environment, and food sciences health, as well as senior scientists and administrators from 14 organizations. The synthesis was informed by contributions to 4 virtual workshops and 3 drafts of the manuscript. Authors read and commented on the drafts, several wrote and referenced sections, and all gave substantive feedback with their reactions to the draft conclusions as consensus was built.Results Over nearly 10 years, the Fleming Fund achieved significant improvements in AMR surveillance. Analysis of the barriers and enablers across settings and systems highlights key lessons for how surveillance is positioned, funded, used, and innovated upon. The success of future AMR surveillance and its sustainability relies on planning within resource constraints for a sharpened system that focuses the scope, frequency, and depth of data to inform action, technical, and architectural developments directions to streamline investment and financing that supports country-led sustainable approaches.Conclusions Investment in AMR surveillance and broader AMR actions has yielded substantial progress. Expanded domestic public financing, large-scale private sector engagement, or enhanced multilateral support will be needed to ensure recent gains are sustained. Progress will require well-designed, targeted, and cost-effective investments to maintain current capacity while enabling further system strengthening.
SN - 1058-4838
SN - 1537-6591
ER -