Tensor-Engineered Van der Waals NbOCl2 Resonant Metasurface for Polarization-entangled Bell State Generation

Abstract

Polarization-entangled photon pairs are essential resources for quantum information technologies, yet realizing compact sources with intrinsically controllable entanglement remains challenging. Van der Waals (vdW) nonlinear materials such as NbOCl2 provide atomically thin platforms for quantum light generation, yet their native crystalline anisotropies as natural materials impose limitations on accessible quantum states. Here, we develop a resonant vdW nonlinear metasurface based on NbOCl2 that exploits its intrinsic optical anisotropy to engineer polarization-dependent nonlinear responses. The anisotropic optical dispersion enables selective manipulation of resonant modes, resulting in a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement of the nonlinear response along the c axis. By further tailoring these resonant modes, we redistribute the effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor between orthogonal polarization channels, balancing the spontaneous parametric down-conversion pathways along the b and c axes. This enables polarization-entangled photon generation with a measured fidelity of up to 92%. Our work establishes metasurface-enabled nonlinear optical engineering as a strategy for enhancing and controlling quantum light generation in vdW materials, providing a pathway toward scalable quantum photonic platforms.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{zeng2026tensorengineered,
  title = {{Tensor-Engineered Van der Waals NbOCl2 Resonant Metasurface for Polarization-entangled Bell State Generation}},
  author = {Xin Zeng and Wenna Du and Yun-Kun Wu and Yuyang Zhang and Zhiyong Zhang and Kwok Kwan Tang and Ruihuan Duan and Xiaotian Bao and Yiyang Gong and Yuexing Xia and Yutong Zhang and Jinhan Zhao and Yubo Tian and Yangguang Zhong and Chuanxiu Jiang and Yubin Wang and Jianhui Fu and Shuai Yue and Guankui Long and Qing Zhang and Zheng Liu and Xi-Feng Ren and Xinfeng Liu},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.34095},
  eprint = {2609.34095},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34095},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Tensor-Engineered Van der Waals NbOCl2 Resonant Metasurface for Polarization-entangled Bell State Generation
AU  - Xin Zeng
AU  - Wenna Du
AU  - Yun-Kun Wu
AU  - Yuyang Zhang
AU  - Zhiyong Zhang
AU  - Kwok Kwan Tang
AU  - Ruihuan Duan
AU  - Xiaotian Bao
AU  - Yiyang Gong
AU  - Yuexing Xia
AU  - Yutong Zhang
AU  - Jinhan Zhao
AU  - Yubo Tian
AU  - Yangguang Zhong
AU  - Chuanxiu Jiang
AU  - Yubin Wang
AU  - Jianhui Fu
AU  - Shuai Yue
AU  - Guankui Long
AU  - Qing Zhang
AU  - Zheng Liu
AU  - Xi-Feng Ren
AU  - Xinfeng Liu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/28
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.34095
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34095
AB  - Polarization-entangled photon pairs are essential resources for quantum information technologies, yet realizing compact sources with intrinsically controllable entanglement remains challenging. Van der Waals (vdW) nonlinear materials such as NbOCl2 provide atomically thin platforms for quantum light generation, yet their native crystalline anisotropies as natural materials impose limitations on accessible quantum states. Here, we develop a resonant vdW nonlinear metasurface based on NbOCl2 that exploits its intrinsic optical anisotropy to engineer polarization-dependent nonlinear responses. The anisotropic optical dispersion enables selective manipulation of resonant modes, resulting in a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement of the nonlinear response along the c axis. By further tailoring these resonant modes, we redistribute the effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor between orthogonal polarization channels, balancing the spontaneous parametric down-conversion pathways along the b and c axes. This enables polarization-entangled photon generation with a measured fidelity of up to 92%. Our work establishes metasurface-enabled nonlinear optical engineering as a strategy for enhancing and controlling quantum light generation in vdW materials, providing a pathway toward scalable quantum photonic platforms.
ER  -

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