Paraprobiotics suppress bacterial virulence and promote anti-inflammatory tissue repair in a murine infected burn wound model
Abstract
Burn wound infections are a significant clinical problem that requires effective therapeutic interventions. Paraprobiotics, a non-viable form of microbial cells or components of probiotics, retain some health benefits while eliminating the risks associated with live microorganisms, thus providing a safe and natural alternative treatment approach. This paper investigated the therapeutic potential of paraprobiotics for treating second-degree burn infections and promoting wound healing in a mouse model. Twelve groups of mice ( n = 3 per group) with burn injuries and bacterial infections were treated with paraprobiotics, antibiotics, or respective controls. Wound size, bacterial virulence factors, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) as well as anti-inflammatory and repair-related genes (IL-10, IGF-1, SMAD2, TGF-β) were evaluated through quantitative gene analysis. Paraprobiotic intervention had a major impact on wound healing and suppression of bacterial virulence factors. Quantitative gene expression analysis showed that proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly downregulated, while anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes (IL-10, IGF-1, SMAD2, TGF-β) were upregulated in the paraprobiotic group compared to the control groups. Paraprobiotics possess strong immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that enhance wound repair, making them promising agents for safer and more effective management of infected burn wounds. The results support the development of natural therapeutic approaches to maximise patient outcomes in burn care.
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BibTeX
@article{salimi2026paraprobiotics,
title = {{Paraprobiotics suppress bacterial virulence and promote anti-inflammatory tissue repair in a murine infected burn wound model}},
author = {Afsaneh Salimi and Mahdi Torkamaneh and Zahra Haghighatshenas and Fatemeh Sakaki and Mohsen Chiani and Ariya Sohrabi and Shadi Aghamohammad and Mahdi Rohani},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-75233-5},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75233-5},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Paraprobiotics suppress bacterial virulence and promote anti-inflammatory tissue repair in a murine infected burn wound model
AU - Afsaneh Salimi
AU - Mahdi Torkamaneh
AU - Zahra Haghighatshenas
AU - Fatemeh Sakaki
AU - Mohsen Chiani
AU - Ariya Sohrabi
AU - Shadi Aghamohammad
AU - Mahdi Rohani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/11
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-75233-5
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75233-5
AB - Burn wound infections are a significant clinical problem that requires effective therapeutic interventions. Paraprobiotics, a non-viable form of microbial cells or components of probiotics, retain some health benefits while eliminating the risks associated with live microorganisms, thus providing a safe and natural alternative treatment approach. This paper investigated the therapeutic potential of paraprobiotics for treating second-degree burn infections and promoting wound healing in a mouse model. Twelve groups of mice ( n = 3 per group) with burn injuries and bacterial infections were treated with paraprobiotics, antibiotics, or respective controls. Wound size, bacterial virulence factors, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) as well as anti-inflammatory and repair-related genes (IL-10, IGF-1, SMAD2, TGF-β) were evaluated through quantitative gene analysis. Paraprobiotic intervention had a major impact on wound healing and suppression of bacterial virulence factors. Quantitative gene expression analysis showed that proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly downregulated, while anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes (IL-10, IGF-1, SMAD2, TGF-β) were upregulated in the paraprobiotic group compared to the control groups. Paraprobiotics possess strong immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that enhance wound repair, making them promising agents for safer and more effective management of infected burn wounds. The results support the development of natural therapeutic approaches to maximise patient outcomes in burn care.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -