Biochemical Remodeling of Purine Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation Across Thyroid Disease Phenotypes.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
- 2Department of Biomedicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
- 3Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
- 4Department of Physiology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Purine-metabolism profiles across distinct thyroid phenotypes remain poorly characterized despite the recognized redox imbalance associated with thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). We compared plasma and erythrocyte purine-metabolite profiles, derived purine ratios, and their associations with lipid peroxidation across four thyroid-disease phenotypes and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 164 participants: hypothyroidism without AIT (n = 31), AIT with hypothyroidism (n = 30), nontoxic nodular goiter with euthyroidism (n = 42), euthyroid AIT (n = 37), and healthy controls (n = 24). Purine metabolites were assessed by direct UV spectrophotometry and expressed in relative extinction units; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)-derived malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents were measured in plasma and erythrocytes. Results: Plasma guanine and hypoxanthine were lower in AIT with hypothyroidism than in hypothyroidism without AIT and in euthyroid AIT than in nontoxic nodular goiter. Plasma X/HX and UA/HX were higher in both AIT groups than in controls. Plasma MDA was elevated in all thyroid-disease groups, whereas erythrocyte MDA was highest in hypothyroidism without AIT. Plasma UA/X correlated positively with both plasma and erythrocyte MDA, and plasma UA/HX with plasma MDA, with phenotype-dependent heterogeneity in stratified analyses. Conclusions: Thyroid phenotypes showed distinct compartment-specific purine and lipid-peroxidation patterns rather than a uniform AIT-dependent shift. Purine ratios should be interpreted as indirect, method-specific indices rather than direct measures of metabolic flux or XOR/XO/XDH activity.
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BibTeX
@article{bekov2026biochemical,
title = {{Biochemical Remodeling of Purine Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation Across Thyroid Disease Phenotypes.}},
author = {Ernur Bekov and Olga Ponamareva and Ryszhan Bakirova and Vilen Molotov-Luchanskiy and Nazgul Omarbekova and Khamida Abdikadirova and Azamat Kharin and Yelena Pozdnyakova},
journal = {Metabolites},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/metabo16100700},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42941177},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Biochemical Remodeling of Purine Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation Across Thyroid Disease Phenotypes.
AU - Ernur Bekov
AU - Olga Ponamareva
AU - Ryszhan Bakirova
AU - Vilen Molotov-Luchanskiy
AU - Nazgul Omarbekova
AU - Khamida Abdikadirova
AU - Azamat Kharin
AU - Yelena Pozdnyakova
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
JO - Metabolites
DO - 10.3390/metabo16100700
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42941177
AB - Background and Objectives: Purine-metabolism profiles across distinct thyroid phenotypes remain poorly characterized despite the recognized redox imbalance associated with thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). We compared plasma and erythrocyte purine-metabolite profiles, derived purine ratios, and their associations with lipid peroxidation across four thyroid-disease phenotypes and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 164 participants: hypothyroidism without AIT (n = 31), AIT with hypothyroidism (n = 30), nontoxic nodular goiter with euthyroidism (n = 42), euthyroid AIT (n = 37), and healthy controls (n = 24). Purine metabolites were assessed by direct UV spectrophotometry and expressed in relative extinction units; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)-derived malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents were measured in plasma and erythrocytes. Results: Plasma guanine and hypoxanthine were lower in AIT with hypothyroidism than in hypothyroidism without AIT and in euthyroid AIT than in nontoxic nodular goiter. Plasma X/HX and UA/HX were higher in both AIT groups than in controls. Plasma MDA was elevated in all thyroid-disease groups, whereas erythrocyte MDA was highest in hypothyroidism without AIT. Plasma UA/X correlated positively with both plasma and erythrocyte MDA, and plasma UA/HX with plasma MDA, with phenotype-dependent heterogeneity in stratified analyses. Conclusions: Thyroid phenotypes showed distinct compartment-specific purine and lipid-peroxidation patterns rather than a uniform AIT-dependent shift. Purine ratios should be interpreted as indirect, method-specific indices rather than direct measures of metabolic flux or XOR/XO/XDH activity.
SN - 2218-1989
ER -