Association Between Periodontal Status and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults Without Diagnosed Chronic Diseases: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
- 4Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Periodontitis and diabetes are closely linked; however, whether periodontal findings are associated with previously unrecognized dysglycemia in adults without known chronic diseases remains unclear. We examined the association between periodontal status and undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes in this population. Methods: We analyzed data from 7635 adults (3218 men and 4417 women) aged ≥19 years without self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic diseases who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015. Glycemic status was classified as normal, undiagnosed prediabetes, or undiagnosed diabetes based on a single measurement of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Periodontal status was determined with the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and grouped as CPI 0–2, CPI 3, or CPI 4. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed in men and women separately, and effect modification by sex was formally tested. Results: Undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes were present in 42.0% and 5.0% of men and in 31.7% and 2.9% of women (weighted estimates). After multivariable adjustment, CPI 3 (odds ratio [OR] 3.594, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.553–8.316) and CPI 4 (OR 5.837, 95% CI 2.341–14.555) were associated with higher odds of undiagnosed diabetes in men, whereas no significant association was observed in women (p for sex interaction = 0.004). Periodontal status was not associated with undiagnosed prediabetes in either sex. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis, CPI-defined periodontitis was associated with higher odds of undiagnosed diabetes in men. These findings do not establish causality or the diagnostic performance of periodontal examination as a screening test; rather, periodontal findings may help identify individuals in whom standard diabetes risk assessment or medical referral could be considered.
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BibTeX
@article{lyu2026association,
title = {{Association Between Periodontal Status and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults Without Diagnosed Chronic Diseases: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015}},
author = {Young Sang Lyu and So Yeong Kim and Sang Hee Jeong and Youngmin Yoon and Sang Yong Kim and Jin Hwa Kim},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/jcm15197747},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666429},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association Between Periodontal Status and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults Without Diagnosed Chronic Diseases: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015
AU - Young Sang Lyu
AU - So Yeong Kim
AU - Sang Hee Jeong
AU - Youngmin Yoon
AU - Sang Yong Kim
AU - Jin Hwa Kim
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Journal of clinical medicine
DO - 10.3390/jcm15197747
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666429
AB - Background/Objectives: Periodontitis and diabetes are closely linked; however, whether periodontal findings are associated with previously unrecognized dysglycemia in adults without known chronic diseases remains unclear. We examined the association between periodontal status and undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes in this population. Methods: We analyzed data from 7635 adults (3218 men and 4417 women) aged ≥19 years without self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic diseases who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015. Glycemic status was classified as normal, undiagnosed prediabetes, or undiagnosed diabetes based on a single measurement of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Periodontal status was determined with the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and grouped as CPI 0–2, CPI 3, or CPI 4. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed in men and women separately, and effect modification by sex was formally tested. Results: Undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes were present in 42.0% and 5.0% of men and in 31.7% and 2.9% of women (weighted estimates). After multivariable adjustment, CPI 3 (odds ratio [OR] 3.594, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.553–8.316) and CPI 4 (OR 5.837, 95% CI 2.341–14.555) were associated with higher odds of undiagnosed diabetes in men, whereas no significant association was observed in women (p for sex interaction = 0.004). Periodontal status was not associated with undiagnosed prediabetes in either sex. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis, CPI-defined periodontitis was associated with higher odds of undiagnosed diabetes in men. These findings do not establish causality or the diagnostic performance of periodontal examination as a screening test; rather, periodontal findings may help identify individuals in whom standard diabetes risk assessment or medical referral could be considered.
SN - 2077-0383
ER -