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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nutrients

Whose Diet Suffers When Social Ties Change? Inter-Related Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Cohort

  • Sanaz Mehranfar1
  • Heather Keller2,3
  • Rachel A. Murphy4,5
  • Tamara R. Cohen1,6
  • Gilciane Ceolin7
  • Rana Madani Civi7
  • Annalijn I. Conklin1,7,8,9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
  2. 2Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
  3. 3Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
  4. 4Population Health Sciences, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
  5. 5School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
  6. 6BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
  7. 7Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
  8. 8Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
  9. 9Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Abstract

Background: Prior cohort studies have established average associations between social ties and dietary intake among aging adults, but socioeconomic status (SES) and gender differences remain unclear. This investigation of SES modification identifies those most nutritionally vulnerable to changes in social engagement. Methods: This prospective study of three waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) included 11,900 adults aged ≥45 years. Transitions in social isolation and diversity of social participation were assessed at Waves 1 and 2, and daily fruit and vegetable intake was assessed at Waves 1 and 3. SES was measured by education and income. Random-coefficient logistic regression estimated gender-specific associations by SES. Results: Overall group differences were evident only for income for associations of both exposures with loss of daily fruit intake among women. High-income women remaining less socially diverse had 43% higher odds of reduced vegetable intake, while high-educated women and men had 31% and 26% higher odds, respectively. Remaining less socially diverse was associated with reduced fruit intake among women across income groups, high-educated women, and men regardless of SES. Becoming less socially diverse was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-income and high-educated women but low-SES men. Remaining socially isolated was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-income (OR 7.59 [95% CI: 3.16, 18.19]) and low-income women (1.91 [1.06, 3.45]), high-educated women (3.09 [1.70, 5.61]), and low-income men (1.76 [1.01, 3.09]). Becoming non-isolated was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-SES women. Conclusions: Dietary benefits of social engagement are unevenly distributed, with income as a possible moderator. Tailored strategies may better target nutritionally vulnerable groups.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mehranfar2026whose,
  title = {{Whose Diet Suffers When Social Ties Change? Inter-Related Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Cohort}},
  author = {Sanaz Mehranfar and Heather Keller and Rachel A. Murphy and Tamara R. Cohen and Gilciane Ceolin and Rana Madani Civi and Annalijn I. Conklin},
  journal = {Nutrients},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/nu18203416},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3416},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Whose Diet Suffers When Social Ties Change? Inter-Related Socioeconomic and Gender Inequalities in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Cohort
AU  - Sanaz Mehranfar
AU  - Heather Keller
AU  - Rachel A. Murphy
AU  - Tamara R. Cohen
AU  - Gilciane Ceolin
AU  - Rana Madani Civi
AU  - Annalijn I. Conklin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/18
JO  - Nutrients
DO  - 10.3390/nu18203416
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3416
AB  - Background: Prior cohort studies have established average associations between social ties and dietary intake among aging adults, but socioeconomic status (SES) and gender differences remain unclear. This investigation of SES modification identifies those most nutritionally vulnerable to changes in social engagement. Methods: This prospective study of three waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) included 11,900 adults aged ≥45 years. Transitions in social isolation and diversity of social participation were assessed at Waves 1 and 2, and daily fruit and vegetable intake was assessed at Waves 1 and 3. SES was measured by education and income. Random-coefficient logistic regression estimated gender-specific associations by SES. Results: Overall group differences were evident only for income for associations of both exposures with loss of daily fruit intake among women. High-income women remaining less socially diverse had 43% higher odds of reduced vegetable intake, while high-educated women and men had 31% and 26% higher odds, respectively. Remaining less socially diverse was associated with reduced fruit intake among women across income groups, high-educated women, and men regardless of SES. Becoming less socially diverse was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-income and high-educated women but low-SES men. Remaining socially isolated was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-income (OR 7.59 [95% CI: 3.16, 18.19]) and low-income women (1.91 [1.06, 3.45]), high-educated women (3.09 [1.70, 5.61]), and low-income men (1.76 [1.01, 3.09]). Becoming non-isolated was associated with reduced fruit intake among high-SES women. Conclusions: Dietary benefits of social engagement are unevenly distributed, with income as a possible moderator. Tailored strategies may better target nutritionally vulnerable groups.
SN  - 2072-6643
ER  -