Cellulose-supported MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 as a sustainable and efficient sorbent for thin film microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides followed by determination through HPLC-UV
- 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
- 2Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Abstract
A novel cellulose-supported MIL-101(Fe)/g-C 3 N 4 (MCN) nanocomposite was developed as a thin film to be used in the thin-film microextraction (TFME) of selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis (HPLC-UV). The hybrid MCN sorbent exhibited hierarchical porous structures and synergistic intermolecular interactions, including π–π, Lewis acid–base, and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in enhanced extraction performance toward selected analytes including chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion. The MCN composite was hydrothermally synthesized and immobilized onto a cellulose substrate through a simple vacuum-filtration approach, providing a sustainable, low-cost, and reusable TFME platform. Extraction parameters were optimized using both one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), Plackett–Burman design (PBD), and Box–Behnken design (BBD). Under the optimized condition, the proposed method showed linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) of 0.10–200.00 μg L −1 with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9944. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.04–0.14 μg L −1 and 0.13–0.46 μg L −1 , respectively, while relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 2.10% to 5.90%. The thin film retained 95 ± 1.5% of its initial extraction efficiency after 36 extraction/desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. The method was successfully applied to fruit and vegetable samples, providing recoveries higher than 89.00% with negligible matrix effects. Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep) (0.80) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) (72.50) assessments confirmed the excellent green and practical characteristics of the proposed method.
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BibTeX
@article{hosseinian2026cellulosesupported,
title = {{Cellulose-supported MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 as a sustainable and efficient sorbent for thin film microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides followed by determination through HPLC-UV}},
author = {Seyedeh Bentolhoda Hosseinian and Milad Ghani and Jahan Bakhsh Raoof},
journal = {Results in Chemistry},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103624},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103624},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cellulose-supported MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 as a sustainable and efficient sorbent for thin film microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides followed by determination through HPLC-UV
AU - Seyedeh Bentolhoda Hosseinian
AU - Milad Ghani
AU - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/09
JO - Results in Chemistry
DO - 10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103624
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103624
AB - A novel cellulose-supported MIL-101(Fe)/g-C 3 N 4 (MCN) nanocomposite was developed as a thin film to be used in the thin-film microextraction (TFME) of selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis (HPLC-UV). The hybrid MCN sorbent exhibited hierarchical porous structures and synergistic intermolecular interactions, including π–π, Lewis acid–base, and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in enhanced extraction performance toward selected analytes including chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion. The MCN composite was hydrothermally synthesized and immobilized onto a cellulose substrate through a simple vacuum-filtration approach, providing a sustainable, low-cost, and reusable TFME platform. Extraction parameters were optimized using both one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), Plackett–Burman design (PBD), and Box–Behnken design (BBD). Under the optimized condition, the proposed method showed linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) of 0.10–200.00 μg L −1 with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9944. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.04–0.14 μg L −1 and 0.13–0.46 μg L −1 , respectively, while relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 2.10% to 5.90%. The thin film retained 95 ± 1.5% of its initial extraction efficiency after 36 extraction/desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. The method was successfully applied to fruit and vegetable samples, providing recoveries higher than 89.00% with negligible matrix effects. Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep) (0.80) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) (72.50) assessments confirmed the excellent green and practical characteristics of the proposed method.
SN - 2211-7156
ER -