Quantum Lock-In Detection via Successive Adiabatic Evolution
Abstract
In recent years, quantum lock-in detection has emerged as a promising technique to accurately detect weak signals submerged in background noise. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of existing protocols is severely limited by spectral leakage resulting from control operations implemented in pulse form. Here, we propose a general protocol for realizing quantum lock-in detection by employing successive quantum adiabatic evolution. In our protocol, the signal modulation is achieved by adiabatically controlling the time evolution of the quantum probe, which enables the implementation of sinusoidal modulation functions. The realization of sinusoidal-wave modulation substantially mitigates the problem of spectral leakage and facilitates the extraction of the complete characteristics of the target signals. We present a practical implementation scheme of adiabatic quantum lock-in detection based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, and demonstrate that the proposed protocol possesses strong resilience against experimental imperfections. Our results establish adiabatic quantum lock-in detection as a robust and experimentally accessible approach to detection of weak alternating signals in noisy environments, thus promoting the advance of real-world quantum sensing technologies.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{li2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum Lock-In Detection via Successive Adiabatic Evolution}},
author = {Kangze Li and Siqi Chen and Hao Zhang and Jiazhao Tian and Liantuan Xiao and Gerardo Adesso},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.15121},
eprint = {2607.15121},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15121},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum Lock-In Detection via Successive Adiabatic Evolution
AU - Kangze Li
AU - Siqi Chen
AU - Hao Zhang
AU - Jiazhao Tian
AU - Liantuan Xiao
AU - Gerardo Adesso
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/18
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.15121
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15121
AB - In recent years, quantum lock-in detection has emerged as a promising technique to accurately detect weak signals submerged in background noise. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of existing protocols is severely limited by spectral leakage resulting from control operations implemented in pulse form. Here, we propose a general protocol for realizing quantum lock-in detection by employing successive quantum adiabatic evolution. In our protocol, the signal modulation is achieved by adiabatically controlling the time evolution of the quantum probe, which enables the implementation of sinusoidal modulation functions. The realization of sinusoidal-wave modulation substantially mitigates the problem of spectral leakage and facilitates the extraction of the complete characteristics of the target signals. We present a practical implementation scheme of adiabatic quantum lock-in detection based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, and demonstrate that the proposed protocol possesses strong resilience against experimental imperfections. Our results establish adiabatic quantum lock-in detection as a robust and experimentally accessible approach to detection of weak alternating signals in noisy environments, thus promoting the advance of real-world quantum sensing technologies.
ER -