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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Supernova Time Dilation in Hybrid Expansion-Tired-Light Cosmologies

  • Rajendra P. Gupta
  • Nikolaos Samaras
  • Utkarsh Kumar
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Abstract

Dark Energy Survey has shown that the emission light curve widths Δtem of supernovae increase to Δtobs, obeying Δtobs/Δtem=(1+z)b with b=1.003±0.011, excluding a nondilating redshift. We test hybrid models with 1+z=(1+zp)(1+zt) and the phenomenological stretch (1+zp)R(z), where zp is the redshift associated with the expanding parent universe cosmology, zt is a tired-light (TL) contribution, and R is the hybrid-to-parent lookback-time ratio. At z=1, R and 1+zt differ by 1.3% for CCC+TL and 0.5% for ΛCDM+TL, and their 95\% bands overlap the observed relation. This compatibility shows that the observations do not exclude the hybrid models, only fully nonexpanding ones.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{gupta2026supernova,
  title = {{Supernova Time Dilation in Hybrid Expansion-Tired-Light Cosmologies}},
  author = {Rajendra P. Gupta and Nikolaos Samaras and Utkarsh Kumar},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.10582},
  eprint = {2609.10582},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10582},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Supernova Time Dilation in Hybrid Expansion-Tired-Light Cosmologies
AU  - Rajendra P. Gupta
AU  - Nikolaos Samaras
AU  - Utkarsh Kumar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/06
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.10582
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10582
AB  - Dark Energy Survey has shown that the emission light curve widths Δt_em of supernovae increase to Δt_obs, obeying Δt_obs/Δt_em=(1+z)^b with b=1.003±0.011, excluding a nondilating redshift. We test hybrid models with 1+z=(1+z_p)(1+z_t) and the phenomenological stretch (1+z_p)R(z), where z_p is the redshift associated with the expanding parent universe cosmology, z_t is a tired-light (TL) contribution, and R is the hybrid-to-parent lookback-time ratio. At z=1, R and 1+z_t differ by 1.3% for CCC+TL and 0.5% for ΛCDM+TL, and their 95\% bands overlap the observed relation. This compatibility shows that the observations do not exclude the hybrid models, only fully nonexpanding ones.
ER  -