Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Prior to HPLC–DAD Determination of Monomers Released from Dental Resin Composites in Dental Wastewater
- 1Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- 3Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Abstract
A novel fabric phase sorptive extraction method (FPSE) was developed for the detection of monomers released during dental restorative procedures, which are subsequently discharged into the environment through dental unit drainage systems. The presence of Bisphenol-A (BPA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), released from dental resin composites in dental wastewater, was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array analysis (HPLC–DAD). FPSE was optimized with respect to the following significant parameters: (a) membrane type, (b) membrane size, (c) extraction time, (d) stirring during extraction, (e) sample volume, (f) ionic strength, (g) elution solvent, (h) elution time, and (i) agitation during elution. For HPLC–DAD analysis, the mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile–water, and a gradient elution program was followed. The detection was carried out at 220 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, showing satisfactory results. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were equal to 0.015 ng/μL and 0.05 ng/μL, respectively, for BPA, TEGDMA, and Bis-GMA, and 0.04 ng/μL and 0.13 ng/μL, respectively, for UDMA. The method demonstrated satisfactory precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 7.7% for intra-day and lower than 9.5% for inter-day studies. Relative recoveries ranged from 93.9% to 100.8% (intra-day) and from 92.0% to 101.7% (inter-day) for all target analytes. The developed FPSE–HPLC–DAD method was applied to the filtered/dissolved fraction of a real dental wastewater sample after centrifugation and filtration.
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BibTeX
@article{tragianni2026fabric,
title = {{Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Prior to HPLC–DAD Determination of Monomers Released from Dental Resin Composites in Dental Wastewater}},
author = {Ifigeneia Tragianni and Pavlos Voutsas and Natasa Kalogiouri and Abuzar Kabir and Petros Mourouzis and Victoria Samanidou},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31213873},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3873},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Prior to HPLC–DAD Determination of Monomers Released from Dental Resin Composites in Dental Wastewater
AU - Ifigeneia Tragianni
AU - Pavlos Voutsas
AU - Natasa Kalogiouri
AU - Abuzar Kabir
AU - Petros Mourouzis
AU - Victoria Samanidou
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31213873
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3873
AB - A novel fabric phase sorptive extraction method (FPSE) was developed for the detection of monomers released during dental restorative procedures, which are subsequently discharged into the environment through dental unit drainage systems. The presence of Bisphenol-A (BPA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), released from dental resin composites in dental wastewater, was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array analysis (HPLC–DAD). FPSE was optimized with respect to the following significant parameters: (a) membrane type, (b) membrane size, (c) extraction time, (d) stirring during extraction, (e) sample volume, (f) ionic strength, (g) elution solvent, (h) elution time, and (i) agitation during elution. For HPLC–DAD analysis, the mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile–water, and a gradient elution program was followed. The detection was carried out at 220 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, showing satisfactory results. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were equal to 0.015 ng/μL and 0.05 ng/μL, respectively, for BPA, TEGDMA, and Bis-GMA, and 0.04 ng/μL and 0.13 ng/μL, respectively, for UDMA. The method demonstrated satisfactory precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 7.7% for intra-day and lower than 9.5% for inter-day studies. Relative recoveries ranged from 93.9% to 100.8% (intra-day) and from 92.0% to 101.7% (inter-day) for all target analytes. The developed FPSE–HPLC–DAD method was applied to the filtered/dissolved fraction of a real dental wastewater sample after centrifugation and filtration.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -