Similarity cancellation and primitive operator roots
Abstract
Kaplansky's second test problem for similarity asks whether A⊕ A∼ B⊕ B implies A∼ B for bounded operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. We answer this question in the negative, even for compact operators whose singular values satisfy any prescribed positive upper bounds tending to zero. We also show that cancellation can fail under the stronger hypothesis J2(T)∼ J2(S) considered by Marcoux, Radjavi, Troscheit, and Zhang \cite{MRTZ}. For these operators, finite amplifications and primitive roots are similar exactly at even multiplicities and even orders, respectively. In contrast, cancellation in fixed matrix size admits a uniform bound on the condition number. This extends the finite type~I results of Jiang, Ma, Shi, and Zhang \cite{JMSZ}. The bound also holds for simultaneous similarity of arbitrary families of matrices and can be chosen to tend to one as the amplified bound tends to one. We conclude that, in a finite type~I von Neumann algebra, cancellation of doubles and cancellation of primitive square roots are each equivalent to boundedness of the orders of its nonzero homogeneous summands.
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BibTeX
@misc{aouichaoui2026similarity,
title = {{Similarity cancellation and primitive operator roots}},
author = {Mohamed Amine Aouichaoui},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.01298},
eprint = {2611.01298},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01298},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Similarity cancellation and primitive operator roots
AU - Mohamed Amine Aouichaoui
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.01298
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01298
AB - Kaplansky's second test problem for similarity asks whether A⊕ A∼ B⊕ B implies A∼ B for bounded operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. We answer this question in the negative, even for compact operators whose singular values satisfy any prescribed positive upper bounds tending to zero. We also show that cancellation can fail under the stronger hypothesis J_2(T)∼ J_2(S) considered by Marcoux, Radjavi, Troscheit, and Zhang \cite{MRTZ}. For these operators, finite amplifications and primitive roots are similar exactly at even multiplicities and even orders, respectively. In contrast, cancellation in fixed matrix size admits a uniform bound on the condition number. This extends the finite type~I results of Jiang, Ma, Shi, and Zhang \cite{JMSZ}. The bound also holds for simultaneous similarity of arbitrary families of matrices and can be chosen to tend to one as the amplified bound tends to one. We conclude that, in a finite type~I von Neumann algebra, cancellation of doubles and cancellation of primitive square roots are each equivalent to boundedness of the orders of its nonzero homogeneous summands.
ER -