Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long-lasting antibody responses with limited cross-neutralization

@article{bochkov2026rhinoviruses,
  title = {{Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long-lasting antibody responses with limited cross-neutralization}},
  author = {Y. A. Bochkov and M. Devries and K. Tetreault and R. Gangnon and S. Lee and L. B. Bacharier and W. W. Busse and C. A. Camargo and T. Choi and R. Cohen and R. De and G. P. Demuri and A. M. Fitzpatrick and P. J. Gergen and K. Grindle and R. Gruchalla and T. Hartert and K. Hasegawa and G. K. Khurana Hershey and P. Holt and K. Homil and T. Jartti and M. Kattan and C. Kercsmar and H. Kim and I. A. Laing and P. N. Le Souëf and A. H. Liu and D. T. Mauger and T. Pappas and S. J. Patel and W. Phipatanakul and J. Pongracic and C. Seroogy and P. D. Sly and C. Tisler and E. R. Wald and R. Wood and Jr. Lemanske and D. J. Jackson and J. E. Gern},
  journal = {Journal of Medical Virology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/jmv.29058},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05787850v1},
  note = {CC BY},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rhinoviruses A and C elicit long-lasting antibody responses with limited cross-neutralization
AU  - Y. A. Bochkov
AU  - M. Devries
AU  - K. Tetreault
AU  - R. Gangnon
AU  - S. Lee
AU  - L. B. Bacharier
AU  - W. W. Busse
AU  - C. A. Camargo
AU  - T. Choi
AU  - R. Cohen
AU  - R. De
AU  - G. P. Demuri
AU  - A. M. Fitzpatrick
AU  - P. J. Gergen
AU  - K. Grindle
AU  - R. Gruchalla
AU  - T. Hartert
AU  - K. Hasegawa
AU  - G. K. Khurana Hershey
AU  - P. Holt
AU  - K. Homil
AU  - T. Jartti
AU  - M. Kattan
AU  - C. Kercsmar
AU  - H. Kim
AU  - I. A. Laing
AU  - P. N. Le Souëf
AU  - A. H. Liu
AU  - D. T. Mauger
AU  - T. Pappas
AU  - S. J. Patel
AU  - W. Phipatanakul
AU  - J. Pongracic
AU  - C. Seroogy
AU  - P. D. Sly
AU  - C. Tisler
AU  - E. R. Wald
AU  - R. Wood
AU  - Jr. Lemanske
AU  - D. J. Jackson
AU  - J. E. Gern
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/09
JO  - Journal of Medical Virology
DO  - 10.1002/jmv.29058
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05787850v1
AB  - Rhinoviruses (RVs) can cause severe wheezing illnesses in young children and patients with asthma. Vaccine development has been hampered by the multitude of RV types with little information about cross-neutralization. We previously showed that neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to RV-C are detected twofold to threefold more often than those to RV-A throughout childhood. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that RV-C infections are more likely to induce either cross-neutralizing or longer-lasting antibody responses compared with RV-A infections. We pooled RV diagnostic data from multiple studies of children with respiratory illnesses and compared the expected versus observed frequencies of sequential infections with RV-A or RV-C types using log-linear regression models. We tested longitudinally collected plasma samples from children to compare the duration of RV-A versus RV-C nAb responses. Our models identified limited reciprocal cross-neutralizing relationships for RV-A (A12-A75, A12-A78, A20-A78, and A75-A78) and only one for RV-C (C2-C40). Serologic analysis using reference mouse sera and banked human plasma samples confirmed that C40 infections induced nAb responses with modest heterotypic activity against RV-C2. Mixed-effects regression modeling of longitudinal human plasma samples collected from ages 2 to 18 years demonstrated that RV-A and RV-C illnesses induced nAb responses of similar duration. These results indicate that both RV-A and RV-C nAb responses have only modest cross-reactivity that is limited to genetically similar types. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, RV-C species may include even fewer cross-neutralizing types than RV-A, whereas the duration of nAb responses during childhood is similar between the two species. The modest heterotypic responses suggest that RV vaccines must have a broad representation of prevalent types.
SN  - 0146-6615
SN  - 1096-9071
ER  -