Characteristics and perceived pathways of students' informal learning experiences in highly flexible public spaces of higher education: a mixed-method study based on four universities in Zhejiang Province
- 1Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University , ,
- 2School of Arts and Design, Huizhou University , ,
- 3Cross College Elite Tech Program, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology , ,
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the paradigm shift toward a learning-centered model in higher education, flexible public spaces (FPS) in higher education institutions have emerged as critical campus venues supporting students' informal learning (IL). Existing studies have focused mostly on formal instructional contexts and objective spatial attributes, while operational quantitative assessment tools for Chinese university public spaces and integrated measurement of students' subjective learning experiences remain scarce. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design with a cross-sectional approach, this study examines the characteristics, internal associations, and subjective perceived pathways of students' IL in highly flexible FPS, based on 296 valid questionnaires and seven semi-structured interviews from four universities in Zhejiang Province. The study focuses on descriptive exploration and only examines statistical associations between variables; no causal inferences are drawn. Results show that students' overall IL experiences in highly flexible FPS are at a moderately high level, with significant positive correlations among learning satisfaction, self-efficacy and learning engagement. Qualitative analysis identifies three subjective perceptual pathways: atmospheric catalysis, autonomy enhancement, and social triggering, as well as an inherent tension between spatial openness and learning focus. These findings provide empirical references for the functional optimization of campus public spaces.
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BibTeX
@article{yang2026characteristics,
title = {{Characteristics and perceived pathways of students' informal learning experiences in highly flexible public spaces of higher education: a mixed-method study based on four universities in Zhejiang Province}},
author = {Juncheng Yang and Xing Yang and Yu-Pei Kuo},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1882283},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727644},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Characteristics and perceived pathways of students' informal learning experiences in highly flexible public spaces of higher education: a mixed-method study based on four universities in Zhejiang Province
AU - Juncheng Yang
AU - Xing Yang
AU - Yu-Pei Kuo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - Frontiers in psychology
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1882283
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727644
AB - Against the backdrop of the paradigm shift toward a learning-centered model in higher education, flexible public spaces (FPS) in higher education institutions have emerged as critical campus venues supporting students' informal learning (IL). Existing studies have focused mostly on formal instructional contexts and objective spatial attributes, while operational quantitative assessment tools for Chinese university public spaces and integrated measurement of students' subjective learning experiences remain scarce. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design with a cross-sectional approach, this study examines the characteristics, internal associations, and subjective perceived pathways of students' IL in highly flexible FPS, based on 296 valid questionnaires and seven semi-structured interviews from four universities in Zhejiang Province. The study focuses on descriptive exploration and only examines statistical associations between variables; no causal inferences are drawn. Results show that students' overall IL experiences in highly flexible FPS are at a moderately high level, with significant positive correlations among learning satisfaction, self-efficacy and learning engagement. Qualitative analysis identifies three subjective perceptual pathways: atmospheric catalysis, autonomy enhancement, and social triggering, as well as an inherent tension between spatial openness and learning focus. These findings provide empirical references for the functional optimization of campus public spaces.
SN - 1664-1078
ER -