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Peer-reviewedCC BYVaccines

Immunological Challenges and Emerging Strategies in Dengue Virus Vaccine Development.

  • Xuelian Ma1,2
  • Mengyuan Zhao
  • Yaqun Xu1,2
  • Yinghan Jiang
  • Yang Yang2
  • Luping Lei3
  • Minghui Yang1
  1. 1School of Medical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Science, Affiliated Zhuhai People's Hospital, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China.
  2. 2National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
  3. 3Department of General Practice, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
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Abstract

Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading arboviral diseases worldwide, and the development of effective vaccines has long been constrained by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and the difficulty of inducing protective immunity against multiple viral serotypes. Although several live-attenuated dengue vaccines have received regulatory approval in different jurisdictions, including Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), Qdenga (TAK-003), and, more recently, Butantan-DV in Brazil, important challenges remain regarding vaccine safety in relation to pre-vaccination dengue serostatus, balanced cross-serotype protection, and the durability of vaccine-induced immunity. This review focuses on the immunopathogenic mechanisms of dengue virus infection, with particular emphasis on how ADE and immune bias impose critical constraints on vaccine design. We systematically summarize the technological platforms, immunological rationale, and major limitations of licensed and investigational dengue vaccines. Building on this analysis, the potential advantages and remaining challenges of emerging vaccine technologies, particularly mRNA vaccines, in precise antigen design, multivalent immune regulation, and safety optimization are further discussed. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and strategic reference for the development of next-generation dengue vaccines with improved safety and efficacy.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ma2026immunological,
  title = {{Immunological Challenges and Emerging Strategies in Dengue Virus Vaccine Development.}},
  author = {Xuelian Ma and Mengyuan Zhao and Yaqun Xu and Yinghan Jiang and Yang Yang and Luping Lei and Minghui Yang},
  journal = {Vaccines},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/vaccines14100902},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931431},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Immunological Challenges and Emerging Strategies in Dengue Virus Vaccine Development.
AU  - Xuelian Ma
AU  - Mengyuan Zhao
AU  - Yaqun Xu
AU  - Yinghan Jiang
AU  - Yang Yang
AU  - Luping Lei
AU  - Minghui Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
JO  - Vaccines
DO  - 10.3390/vaccines14100902
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931431
AB  - Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading arboviral diseases worldwide, and the development of effective vaccines has long been constrained by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and the difficulty of inducing protective immunity against multiple viral serotypes. Although several live-attenuated dengue vaccines have received regulatory approval in different jurisdictions, including Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), Qdenga (TAK-003), and, more recently, Butantan-DV in Brazil, important challenges remain regarding vaccine safety in relation to pre-vaccination dengue serostatus, balanced cross-serotype protection, and the durability of vaccine-induced immunity. This review focuses on the immunopathogenic mechanisms of dengue virus infection, with particular emphasis on how ADE and immune bias impose critical constraints on vaccine design. We systematically summarize the technological platforms, immunological rationale, and major limitations of licensed and investigational dengue vaccines. Building on this analysis, the potential advantages and remaining challenges of emerging vaccine technologies, particularly mRNA vaccines, in precise antigen design, multivalent immune regulation, and safety optimization are further discussed. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and strategic reference for the development of next-generation dengue vaccines with improved safety and efficacy.
SN  - 2076-393X
ER  -