Structural Alterations of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.
- 1Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iași, Romania.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), but structural features distinguishing RA-related involvement from non-RA temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remain incompletely defined. This study compared quantitative and qualitative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings between patients with RA and a symptomatic non-RA TMD comparison group and explored bilateral asymmetry and associations with RA-related characteristics. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study included 84 adults (42 RA and 42 non-RA TMD). All participants had TMJ-related symptoms or signs and clinically indicated CBCT examinations available. Bilateral CBCT assessment included condylar and mandibular fossa morphometry, joint-space measurements, condylar position, and qualitative osseous abnormalities. Linear mixed-effects models and generalized estimating equations accounted for bilateral observations, with Holm correction for multiple testing. Exploratory clinical associations and intraobserver reliability were also evaluated. Results: Clinical TMJ manifestations did not differ significantly between groups. The inferential analyses showed lower condylar height and anterior joint space and greater condylar length, anteroposterior condylar length, and condylar-to-midsagittal distance in RA. The largest quantitative difference involved condylar height (-5.43 mm; adjusted p < 0.001). Cortical erosions (OR = 5.94; 95% CI, 2.57-13.70) and joint-space narrowing (OR = 3.96; 95% CI, 1.66-9.42) were more strongly associated with RA. Absolute bilateral asymmetry did not differ after multiplicity correction, although group-by-side interactions persisted for condylar height and condylar position. Longer disease duration correlated with greater condylar-height asymmetry (ρ = 0.62; adjusted p < 0.001). Intraobserver reliability was high to excellent. Conclusions: RA-related TMJ involvement appears to reflect combined condylar remodeling, vertical structural loss, altered condyle-fossa relationships, and erosive change rather than uniform degeneration. These findings support CBCT as a potentially useful tool for structural characterization, but prospective multimodal validation using observed patient-level data is required.
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BibTeX
@article{maftei2026structural,
title = {{Structural Alterations of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.}},
author = {Malina Iris Maftei and Codrina Ancuţa and Ionuț Tărăboanță and Magda Antohe and Cristina Gena Dascalu and Cristina-Angela Ghiorghe and Ana-Maria Fătu and Oana Țănculescu and Cristina Iordache},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/medicina62101866},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942397},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Structural Alterations of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.
AU - Malina Iris Maftei
AU - Codrina Ancuţa
AU - Ionuț Tărăboanță
AU - Magda Antohe
AU - Cristina Gena Dascalu
AU - Cristina-Angela Ghiorghe
AU - Ana-Maria Fătu
AU - Oana Țănculescu
AU - Cristina Iordache
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/26
JO - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
DO - 10.3390/medicina62101866
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942397
AB - Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), but structural features distinguishing RA-related involvement from non-RA temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remain incompletely defined. This study compared quantitative and qualitative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings between patients with RA and a symptomatic non-RA TMD comparison group and explored bilateral asymmetry and associations with RA-related characteristics. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study included 84 adults (42 RA and 42 non-RA TMD). All participants had TMJ-related symptoms or signs and clinically indicated CBCT examinations available. Bilateral CBCT assessment included condylar and mandibular fossa morphometry, joint-space measurements, condylar position, and qualitative osseous abnormalities. Linear mixed-effects models and generalized estimating equations accounted for bilateral observations, with Holm correction for multiple testing. Exploratory clinical associations and intraobserver reliability were also evaluated. Results: Clinical TMJ manifestations did not differ significantly between groups. The inferential analyses showed lower condylar height and anterior joint space and greater condylar length, anteroposterior condylar length, and condylar-to-midsagittal distance in RA. The largest quantitative difference involved condylar height (-5.43 mm; adjusted p < 0.001). Cortical erosions (OR = 5.94; 95% CI, 2.57-13.70) and joint-space narrowing (OR = 3.96; 95% CI, 1.66-9.42) were more strongly associated with RA. Absolute bilateral asymmetry did not differ after multiplicity correction, although group-by-side interactions persisted for condylar height and condylar position. Longer disease duration correlated with greater condylar-height asymmetry (ρ = 0.62; adjusted p < 0.001). Intraobserver reliability was high to excellent. Conclusions: RA-related TMJ involvement appears to reflect combined condylar remodeling, vertical structural loss, altered condyle-fossa relationships, and erosive change rather than uniform degeneration. These findings support CBCT as a potentially useful tool for structural characterization, but prospective multimodal validation using observed patient-level data is required.
SN - 1010-660X
SN - 1648-9144
ER -