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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in pediatric hypoglycemia in Italy (KAPPHy study)

  • Arianna Maiorana1
  • Roberta Pajno2
  • Francesco Tagliaferri3,4
  • Alessandro Rossi5
  • Enza Mozzillo5
  • Maurizio Delvecchio6
  • SIMMESN/SIEDP Intersocietary Working Group
6 affiliations
  1. 1Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
  2. 2Pediatric Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
  3. 3Clinical Metabolic Reference Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
  4. 4Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza, University of Milan, Milan, 2023-2027 Italy
  5. 5Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
  6. 6Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Abstract

Purpose: Childhood hypoglycemia is associated with relevant morbidity and likely long-term neurological sequelae. Diagnostic thresholds and management strategies remain quite heterogeneous, particularly beyond the neonatal period. We aimed to evaluate current diagnostic and therapeutic practices for pediatric hypoglycemia management in Italy among members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) and the Italian Society of Metabolic Diseases and Newborn Screening (SIMMESN).

Methods: An anonymous electronic survey including 43 questions about management of pediatric hypoglycemia was sent to SIEDP and SIMMESN members. Descriptive statistics and comparative statistical analysis between respondents of the two societies were run.

Results: A total of 118 respondents participated. Most of them reported direct clinical experience in pediatric hypoglycemia and routinely used critical sampling during hypoglycemic episodes. Diagnostic thresholds were heterogeneous: 34.7% reported 50 mg/dL, 33.1% 60 mg/dL, and 22.0% 70 mg/dL. Comparative analysis between societies showed no differences in most diagnostic procedures, but significant differences emerged in diagnostic thresholds (p = 0.005), with SIMMESN members selected 60 mg/dL more frequently (adjusted p = 0.020), and SIEDP members more frequently 70 mg/dL (adjusted p = 0.013). SIMMESN members reported more frequent use of genetic testing for etiological diagnosis. SIEDP respondents showed a frequent used of continuous glucose monitoring in the follow-up.

Conclusion: Management of pediatric hypoglycemia in Italy is largely aligned with international recommendations. Clinically relevant variability persists, particularly in diagnostic thresholds, adoption of molecular analysis, and technologies, likely reflecting different clinical focus and patient populations. Our findings highlight the need for harmonized national recommendations and shared diagnostic definitions across scientific societies.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{maiorana2026knowledge,
  title = {{Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in pediatric hypoglycemia in Italy (KAPPHy study)}},
  author = {Arianna Maiorana and Roberta Pajno and Francesco Tagliaferri and Alessandro Rossi and Enza Mozzillo and Maurizio Delvecchio and SIMMESN/SIEDP Intersocietary Working Group},
  journal = {Journal of Endocrinological Investigation},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in pediatric hypoglycemia in Italy (KAPPHy study)
AU  - Arianna Maiorana
AU  - Roberta Pajno
AU  - Francesco Tagliaferri
AU  - Alessandro Rossi
AU  - Enza Mozzillo
AU  - Maurizio Delvecchio
AU  - SIMMESN/SIEDP Intersocietary Working Group
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/22
JO  - Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
DO  - 10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3
AB  - Purpose: Childhood hypoglycemia is associated with relevant morbidity and likely long-term neurological sequelae. Diagnostic thresholds and management strategies remain quite heterogeneous, particularly beyond the neonatal period. We aimed to evaluate current diagnostic and therapeutic practices for pediatric hypoglycemia management in Italy among members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) and the Italian Society of Metabolic Diseases and Newborn Screening (SIMMESN).  Methods: An anonymous electronic survey including 43 questions about management of pediatric hypoglycemia was sent to SIEDP and SIMMESN members. Descriptive statistics and comparative statistical analysis between respondents of the two societies were run.  Results: A total of 118 respondents participated. Most of them reported direct clinical experience in pediatric hypoglycemia and routinely used critical sampling during hypoglycemic episodes. Diagnostic thresholds were heterogeneous: 34.7% reported 50 mg/dL, 33.1% 60 mg/dL, and 22.0% 70 mg/dL. Comparative analysis between societies showed no differences in most diagnostic procedures, but significant differences emerged in diagnostic thresholds (p = 0.005), with SIMMESN members selected 60 mg/dL more frequently (adjusted p = 0.020), and SIEDP members more frequently 70 mg/dL (adjusted p = 0.013). SIMMESN members reported more frequent use of genetic testing for etiological diagnosis. SIEDP respondents showed a frequent used of continuous glucose monitoring in the follow-up.  Conclusion: Management of pediatric hypoglycemia in Italy is largely aligned with international recommendations. Clinically relevant variability persists, particularly in diagnostic thresholds, adoption of molecular analysis, and technologies, likely reflecting different clinical focus and patient populations. Our findings highlight the need for harmonized national recommendations and shared diagnostic definitions across scientific societies.  Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02992-3.
SN  - 0391-4097
SN  - 1720-8386
ER  -