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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Cell Reports Methods

Calibrated simulations for dynamic focusing of ultrasound through the temporal window

  • Ehsan Dadgar-Kiani1
  • Vibha Hebbale1
  • Malachy W. Newman2
  • Grace Attalla1
  • John L. Alvarez1
  • Suraya Dunsford3,4
  • Kevin A. Caulfield5
  • Cameron H. Good1
  • Andrew D. Krystal6
  • Leo P. Sugrue6,7
  • Joline M. Fan6,8
  • Elsa Fouragnan3,4
4 more authors
  • Charles F. Caskey2,9
  • Samuel Pichardo10,11
  • Kim Butts Pauly12
  • Keith R. Murphy1
12 affiliations
  1. 1Attune Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
  2. 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
  3. 3Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
  4. 4School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
  5. 5Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
  6. 6Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
  7. 7Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
  8. 8Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
  9. 9Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
  10. 10Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  11. 11Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  12. 12Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Abstract

Focused ultrasound can be delivered through the temporal window to modulate heterogeneously located brain areas. Acoustic simulations allow for safety assessments when dynamically targeting brain structures, but the mismatch between simulation and measured focal pressure can vary across the steerable range due to mechanically inaccurate assumptions made about the skull and transducer. Here, we describe efficient methods for simulation-measurement calibration using axisymmetric projections and sparse sampling across a 3D steerable subspace encompassing deep brain targets across 157 subjects. To address the simulation-reality mismatch in skull transmission, we used the measured and predicted pressure values through eight human temporal window fragments to derive an optimized bone attenuation coefficient. Collectively, the calibration framework and optimized temporal window coefficients can be used broadly across studies to improve the accuracy of reporting and dependent safety assessment for personalized neuromodulation treatments.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{dadgarkiani2026calibrated,
  title = {{Calibrated simulations for dynamic focusing of ultrasound through the temporal window}},
  author = {Ehsan Dadgar-Kiani and Vibha Hebbale and Malachy W. Newman and Grace Attalla and John L. Alvarez and Suraya Dunsford and Kevin A. Caulfield and Cameron H. Good and Andrew D. Krystal and Leo P. Sugrue and Joline M. Fan and Elsa Fouragnan and Charles F. Caskey and Samuel Pichardo and Kim Butts Pauly and Keith R. Murphy},
  journal = {Cell Reports Methods},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101568},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101568},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Calibrated simulations for dynamic focusing of ultrasound through the temporal window
AU  - Ehsan Dadgar-Kiani
AU  - Vibha Hebbale
AU  - Malachy W. Newman
AU  - Grace Attalla
AU  - John L. Alvarez
AU  - Suraya Dunsford
AU  - Kevin A. Caulfield
AU  - Cameron H. Good
AU  - Andrew D. Krystal
AU  - Leo P. Sugrue
AU  - Joline M. Fan
AU  - Elsa Fouragnan
AU  - Charles F. Caskey
AU  - Samuel Pichardo
AU  - Kim Butts Pauly
AU  - Keith R. Murphy
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/14
JO  - Cell Reports Methods
DO  - 10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101568
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101568
AB  - Focused ultrasound can be delivered through the temporal window to modulate heterogeneously located brain areas. Acoustic simulations allow for safety assessments when dynamically targeting brain structures, but the mismatch between simulation and measured focal pressure can vary across the steerable range due to mechanically inaccurate assumptions made about the skull and transducer. Here, we describe efficient methods for simulation-measurement calibration using axisymmetric projections and sparse sampling across a 3D steerable subspace encompassing deep brain targets across 157 subjects. To address the simulation-reality mismatch in skull transmission, we used the measured and predicted pressure values through eight human temporal window fragments to derive an optimized bone attenuation coefficient. Collectively, the calibration framework and optimized temporal window coefficients can be used broadly across studies to improve the accuracy of reporting and dependent safety assessment for personalized neuromodulation treatments.
SN  - 2667-2375
ER  -