TNF-α and IL-8 Are Helpful in the Prediction of Late Post-COVID-19 Venous Thromboembolic Disease—Single-Center Prospective Study
- 1First Department of Lung Diseases, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
- 2Department of Genetics, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
- 3TS Clinic, Górczewska 228 E, 01-460 Warsaw, Poland
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with persistent inflammation and an elevated risk of late venous thromboembolism (VTE). The role of proinflammatory cytokines has been well documented in the acute phase of the disease, but their potential role in late post-COVID-19 VTE remains unknown. What is the prevalence of VTE among symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients, and which laboratory parameters could enhance the diagnostic accuracy for VTE in these patients? Consecutive patients with objectively confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to a single department of lung diseases in a tertiary hospital due to sustained symptoms of dyspnea and/or exercise intolerance, were included. Clinical assessment and laboratory testing, including cytokine profiling (Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α), PAI-1, and ferritin, were performed. VTE events (pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis) were confirmed by standard imaging. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between participants with and without VTE. 108 patients: 69 (63.9%) males and 39 (36.1%) females, entered the study. VTE episodes were diagnosed in 39.8% (16.7% in the course of COVID-19 and 23.1% after the acute phase of the disease). Patients who entered the study ≤6 months and >6 months from acute COVID-19 infection were compared. Median D-dimer concentration was higher in patients with VTE that occurred within 6 months from the COVID-19 diagnosis compared to the non-VTE group (607 ng/mL vs. 428 ng/mL, borderline significance, p = 0.0595). Median_IL-8 concentration was significantly higher in those who developed VTE more than 6 months after COVID-19 compared to non-VTE patients: 10.19 pg/mL vs. 6.61 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.048. The same was noted for TNF-α (39.02 pg/mL vs. 24 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.011). The best diagnostic utility for VTE prediction was obtained for TNF-α concentration in symptomatic patients diagnosed >6 months from acute COVID-19 infection (ROC AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.91). TNF-α was an independent risk factor of VTE episodes in the whole study group. Detection of elevated IL-8 and TNF-α levels later than 6 months from acute COVID-19 disease may help to identify patients at increased risk of late venous thromboembolism; nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate this observation.
Related
- Family history of postpartum hemorrhage is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: results from the French prospective multicenter Haemorrhages and Thromboembolic Venous Disease of the Postpartum cohort study
- Impact of an integrated hospital-community care pathway on the management of venous thromboembolism: the venous thromboembolic disease care pathway 93 study
- Risk factors for venous thromboembolic events at 90 days in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
- Echocardiography-based multimodal models for thromboembolic risk prediction in atrial fibrillation: a narrative review
- CO037 | PERFORMANCE OF A QUALITATIVE POINT-OF-CARE TEST IN PATIENTS EXPERIENCING ACUTE THROMBOEMBOLIC OR MAJOR BLEEDING EVENTS TREATED WITH DOACs: THE T-BLEEDOAC MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
BibTeX
@article{wyrostkiewicz2026tnfα,
title = {{TNF-α and IL-8 Are Helpful in the Prediction of Late Post-COVID-19 Venous Thromboembolic Disease—Single-Center Prospective Study}},
author = {Dorota Wyrostkiewicz and Katarzyna B. Lewandowska and Ewa Jankowska and Małgorzata Dybowska and Małgorzata E. Jędrych and Katarzyna Zimna and Adriana Roży and Monika Szturmowicz and Witold Tomkowski and Małgorzata Sobiecka},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27209281},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9281},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - TNF-α and IL-8 Are Helpful in the Prediction of Late Post-COVID-19 Venous Thromboembolic Disease—Single-Center Prospective Study
AU - Dorota Wyrostkiewicz
AU - Katarzyna B. Lewandowska
AU - Ewa Jankowska
AU - Małgorzata Dybowska
AU - Małgorzata E. Jędrych
AU - Katarzyna Zimna
AU - Adriana Roży
AU - Monika Szturmowicz
AU - Witold Tomkowski
AU - Małgorzata Sobiecka
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27209281
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9281
AB - Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with persistent inflammation and an elevated risk of late venous thromboembolism (VTE). The role of proinflammatory cytokines has been well documented in the acute phase of the disease, but their potential role in late post-COVID-19 VTE remains unknown. What is the prevalence of VTE among symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients, and which laboratory parameters could enhance the diagnostic accuracy for VTE in these patients? Consecutive patients with objectively confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to a single department of lung diseases in a tertiary hospital due to sustained symptoms of dyspnea and/or exercise intolerance, were included. Clinical assessment and laboratory testing, including cytokine profiling (Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α), PAI-1, and ferritin, were performed. VTE events (pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis) were confirmed by standard imaging. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between participants with and without VTE. 108 patients: 69 (63.9%) males and 39 (36.1%) females, entered the study. VTE episodes were diagnosed in 39.8% (16.7% in the course of COVID-19 and 23.1% after the acute phase of the disease). Patients who entered the study ≤6 months and >6 months from acute COVID-19 infection were compared. Median D-dimer concentration was higher in patients with VTE that occurred within 6 months from the COVID-19 diagnosis compared to the non-VTE group (607 ng/mL vs. 428 ng/mL, borderline significance, p = 0.0595). Median_IL-8 concentration was significantly higher in those who developed VTE more than 6 months after COVID-19 compared to non-VTE patients: 10.19 pg/mL vs. 6.61 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.048. The same was noted for TNF-α (39.02 pg/mL vs. 24 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.011). The best diagnostic utility for VTE prediction was obtained for TNF-α concentration in symptomatic patients diagnosed >6 months from acute COVID-19 infection (ROC AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.91). TNF-α was an independent risk factor of VTE episodes in the whole study group. Detection of elevated IL-8 and TNF-α levels later than 6 months from acute COVID-19 disease may help to identify patients at increased risk of late venous thromboembolism; nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate this observation.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -