Snakebite in Khuzestan Province, Iran: epidemiological trends and demographic characteristics, 2020–2024
Abstract
Introduction: Snakebite is recognized as a neglected tropical disease and remains an important public health concern worldwide. Owing to its distinctive climate and extensive agricultural activities, Khuzestan Province is recognized as a region with a substantial snakebite burden in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological pattern and spatiotemporal distribution of recorded snakebite cases in Khuzestan from 2020 to 2024.
Methods: This retrospective registry- and hospital-based descriptive study evaluated 787 registered snakebite envenomation cases admitted to the referral Razi and Abuzar hospitals over a five-year period using a census approach. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the chi-square test and the Linear-by-Linear Association test for temporal trends and the geographic distribution of cases according to patients’ county of residence was mapped using ArcGIS version 10.2.
Results: The results demonstrated an increasing trend in recorded snakebite cases during the study period. The majority of recorded cases occurred among males (78.5%), rural residents (67.7%), and individuals aged 31–50 years (42.1%). The highest proportion of recorded cases was observed in summer (42.2%). The lower extremities (44.6%) were the most common anatomical site of bite, and pain and swelling (73.0%) were the most frequently reported clinical manifestations. The majority of patients (90.7%) were treated with 1–5 vials of antivenom. No fatalities were reported, and all patients recovered. The highest caseloads were observed among patients residing in Ahvaz and Shadegan Counties.
Conclusion: The upward trend in the number of recorded snakebite cases in Khuzestan underscores the need for targeted educational interventions for the most frequently affected groups, particularly farmers and rural residents. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure in areas with higher reported case counts and improving clinical data recording systems are essential for preventive planning and effective management of snakebites.
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BibTeX
@article{naderzad2026snakebite,
title = {{Snakebite in Khuzestan Province, Iran: epidemiological trends and demographic characteristics, 2020–2024}},
author = {Fariba Naderzad and Mona Sharififard and Elham Jahanifard and Ali Hasan Rahmani and Maryam Hasanzadeh Arab},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1186/s12889-026-30265-4},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-026-30265-4},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Snakebite in Khuzestan Province, Iran: epidemiological trends and demographic characteristics, 2020–2024
AU - Fariba Naderzad
AU - Mona Sharififard
AU - Elham Jahanifard
AU - Ali Hasan Rahmani
AU - Maryam Hasanzadeh Arab
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/07
JO - BMC Public Health
DO - 10.1186/s12889-026-30265-4
UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-026-30265-4
AB - Introduction: Snakebite is recognized as a neglected tropical disease and remains an important public health concern worldwide. Owing to its distinctive climate and extensive agricultural activities, Khuzestan Province is recognized as a region with a substantial snakebite burden in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological pattern and spatiotemporal distribution of recorded snakebite cases in Khuzestan from 2020 to 2024. Methods: This retrospective registry- and hospital-based descriptive study evaluated 787 registered snakebite envenomation cases admitted to the referral Razi and Abuzar hospitals over a five-year period using a census approach. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the chi-square test and the Linear-by-Linear Association test for temporal trends and the geographic distribution of cases according to patients’ county of residence was mapped using ArcGIS version 10.2. Results: The results demonstrated an increasing trend in recorded snakebite cases during the study period. The majority of recorded cases occurred among males (78.5%), rural residents (67.7%), and individuals aged 31–50 years (42.1%). The highest proportion of recorded cases was observed in summer (42.2%). The lower extremities (44.6%) were the most common anatomical site of bite, and pain and swelling (73.0%) were the most frequently reported clinical manifestations. The majority of patients (90.7%) were treated with 1–5 vials of antivenom. No fatalities were reported, and all patients recovered. The highest caseloads were observed among patients residing in Ahvaz and Shadegan Counties. Conclusion: The upward trend in the number of recorded snakebite cases in Khuzestan underscores the need for targeted educational interventions for the most frequently affected groups, particularly farmers and rural residents. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure in areas with higher reported case counts and improving clinical data recording systems are essential for preventive planning and effective management of snakebites.
SN - 1471-2458
ER -