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Peer-reviewedCC BYImmunity, inflammation and disease

Microbiome-Immune Crosstalk in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics.

  • Pranvi Sharma1
  • Tanaka Nhokwara2
  • Jaswinder Singh3
  • Kiran Bala4
  • Kajal Kamra5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, Delhi University, Delhi, India.
  2. 2Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe.
  3. 3Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
  4. 4Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
  5. 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Abstract

Background

The gut-skin axis links intestinal microbial activity with inflammatory skin disease, yet findings across atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis remain inconsistent. This review examines how disease biology and host context shape microbiome-related effects and responses to probiotics.Materials and methods

Published clinical and experimental evidence on gut microbiota, immune and metabolic signaling, barrier dysfunction, inter-organ communication, and probiotic interventions was narratively reviewed across atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis.Results

Microbiome-related mechanisms differ by disease. In atopic dermatitis, they intersect with barrier dysfunction and altered immune regulation. In acne vulgaris, metabolic, hormonal, dietary, and neuroendocrine factors modify their effects. In psoriasis, gut dysbiosis occurs within a broader setting of systemic immune activation. Probiotic outcomes are similarly variable and depend on strain, host characteristics, disease context, and study design.Discussion

Gut-skin communication is better interpreted as part of an interconnected physiological network rather than a uniform linear pathway. Disease-specific evaluation of microbiome changes and probiotic interventions may help explain conflicting findings and guide more targeted future studies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{sharma2026microbiomeimmune,
  title = {{Microbiome-Immune Crosstalk in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics.}},
  author = {Pranvi Sharma and Tanaka Nhokwara and Jaswinder Singh and Kiran Bala and Kajal Kamra},
  journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/iid3.70574},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958627},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Microbiome-Immune Crosstalk in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics.
AU  - Pranvi Sharma
AU  - Tanaka Nhokwara
AU  - Jaswinder Singh
AU  - Kiran Bala
AU  - Kajal Kamra
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Immunity, inflammation and disease
DO  - 10.1002/iid3.70574
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958627
AB  - Background  The gut-skin axis links intestinal microbial activity with inflammatory skin disease, yet findings across atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis remain inconsistent. This review examines how disease biology and host context shape microbiome-related effects and responses to probiotics.Materials and methods  Published clinical and experimental evidence on gut microbiota, immune and metabolic signaling, barrier dysfunction, inter-organ communication, and probiotic interventions was narratively reviewed across atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis.Results  Microbiome-related mechanisms differ by disease. In atopic dermatitis, they intersect with barrier dysfunction and altered immune regulation. In acne vulgaris, metabolic, hormonal, dietary, and neuroendocrine factors modify their effects. In psoriasis, gut dysbiosis occurs within a broader setting of systemic immune activation. Probiotic outcomes are similarly variable and depend on strain, host characteristics, disease context, and study design.Discussion  Gut-skin communication is better interpreted as part of an interconnected physiological network rather than a uniform linear pathway. Disease-specific evaluation of microbiome changes and probiotic interventions may help explain conflicting findings and guide more targeted future studies.
SN  - 2050-4527
ER  -