Association of Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in Female Nurses
- 1Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye
- 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the associations of shift work with serum vitamin D levels, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression among female nurses working at a university hospital. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were collected via a structured questionnaire. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys Vitamin D total II, cobas e 801). Deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL. Results: Mean age was 32.4 ± 6.8 years; 44.9% worked night shifts. Mean 25(OH)D level was 13.16 ± 7.87 ng/mL, with deficiency in 84.3% and insufficiency in 13.5%. EDS was present in 30.8%, anxiety symptoms in 26.9%, and depressive symptoms in 46.2%. Vitamin D levels were lower in night-shift nurses, though not significantly (p = 0.056). In univariable logistic regression analysis, night-shift work was associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.053; 95% CI: 1.068–3.948; p = 0.031), but this association was not significant after adjustment (aOR = 1.136; 95% CI: 0.541–2.389; p = 0.736). EDS was associated with anxiety symptoms (aOR = 2.795; 95% CI: 1.553–5.031; p = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.887; 95% CI: 1.077–3.306; p = 0.027). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with each other (aOR = 7.332 and 7.285; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, EDS, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was observed among female nurses. Vitamin D status was not significantly associated with EDS, anxiety symptoms, or depressive symptoms, whereas EDS was associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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BibTeX
@article{karcı2026association,
title = {{Association of Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in Female Nurses}},
author = {İbrahim Safa Karcı and Kamile Marakoğlu and Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya and Zeynep Ebru Şener},
journal = {Metabolites},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/metabo16100786},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/786},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association of Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in Female Nurses
AU - İbrahim Safa Karcı
AU - Kamile Marakoğlu
AU - Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya
AU - Zeynep Ebru Şener
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Metabolites
DO - 10.3390/metabo16100786
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/786
AB - Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the associations of shift work with serum vitamin D levels, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression among female nurses working at a university hospital. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were collected via a structured questionnaire. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys Vitamin D total II, cobas e 801). Deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL. Results: Mean age was 32.4 ± 6.8 years; 44.9% worked night shifts. Mean 25(OH)D level was 13.16 ± 7.87 ng/mL, with deficiency in 84.3% and insufficiency in 13.5%. EDS was present in 30.8%, anxiety symptoms in 26.9%, and depressive symptoms in 46.2%. Vitamin D levels were lower in night-shift nurses, though not significantly (p = 0.056). In univariable logistic regression analysis, night-shift work was associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.053; 95% CI: 1.068–3.948; p = 0.031), but this association was not significant after adjustment (aOR = 1.136; 95% CI: 0.541–2.389; p = 0.736). EDS was associated with anxiety symptoms (aOR = 2.795; 95% CI: 1.553–5.031; p = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.887; 95% CI: 1.077–3.306; p = 0.027). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with each other (aOR = 7.332 and 7.285; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, EDS, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was observed among female nurses. Vitamin D status was not significantly associated with EDS, anxiety symptoms, or depressive symptoms, whereas EDS was associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.
SN - 2218-1989
ER -