Cyclization reactions in confined space
Abstract
Cyclization of chain substrates into ring products is an important reaction in organic synthesis. The ease of this process is measured by the Effective Molarity, which indicates that some rings (5, 6 and 7-membered ones) are especially facile to close, while others (>8 membered) are far more challenging. Confinement of the cyclization inside the nanometric cavity of capsules, coordination cages or porous materials can greatly facilitate the reaction via preorganization of the reagents and stabilization of the transition states, also offering the chance to alter the innate selectivity of the reaction. Moreover, the use of chiral cavities enables control over cyclization stereoselectivity. Eventually, pre-organization of the substrate chain inside the cavity can facilitate the closure of medium and large rings, a longstanding goal in organic synthesis. This review analyzes examples of the use of nanoconfinement to improve cyclization reactions, control their selectivity and close challenging rings.
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BibTeX
@article{spatola2026cyclization,
title = {{Cyclization reactions in confined space}},
author = {Emanuele Spatola and Federico Frateloreto and Daniele del Giudice and Giorgio Olivo and Stefano Di Stefano},
journal = {Current Opinion in Colloid \& Interface Science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101680},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05786808v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cyclization reactions in confined space
AU - Emanuele Spatola
AU - Federico Frateloreto
AU - Daniele del Giudice
AU - Giorgio Olivo
AU - Stefano Di Stefano
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
JO - Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science
DO - 10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101680
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05786808v1
AB - Cyclization of chain substrates into ring products is an important reaction in organic synthesis. The ease of this process is measured by the Effective Molarity, which indicates that some rings (5, 6 and 7-membered ones) are especially facile to close, while others (>8 membered) are far more challenging. Confinement of the cyclization inside the nanometric cavity of capsules, coordination cages or porous materials can greatly facilitate the reaction via preorganization of the reagents and stabilization of the transition states, also offering the chance to alter the innate selectivity of the reaction. Moreover, the use of chiral cavities enables control over cyclization stereoselectivity. Eventually, pre-organization of the substrate chain inside the cavity can facilitate the closure of medium and large rings, a longstanding goal in organic synthesis. This review analyzes examples of the use of nanoconfinement to improve cyclization reactions, control their selectivity and close challenging rings.
SN - 1359-0294
SN - 1879-0399
ER -