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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCJournal of the American Heart Association

Role of Plasma Proteins in the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Disease Events: Results From Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine Cohorts

  • LáShauntá M. Glover1
  • Madeline G. Gillman2
  • Michael D. Green3
  • Sara N. O'Brien4
  • Ramon Casanova5
  • James S. Floyd6
  • Charles Kooperberg6
  • Michelle C. Odden7
  • Stephen S. Rich8
  • Jerome I. Rotter9
  • Amil Shah10
  • Hilary A. Tindle11,12
9 more authors
  • Alexis C. Wood13
  • Robert Gerszten14
  • Alexander Reiner6
  • Lorena Garcia15
  • Yanwei Cai16
  • Tomi Akinyemiju1
  • Emily C. O'Brien1
  • Mario Sims17
  • Laura M. Raffield2
17 affiliations
  1. 1Duke University School of Medicine
  2. 2University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  3. 3Behavior and Society, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
  4. 4Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
  5. 5Wake Forest University School of Medicine
  6. 6University of Washington
  7. 7Stanford University
  8. 8University of Virginia School of Medicine
  9. 9The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center
  10. 10University of Texas
  11. 11Vanderbilt University
  12. 12Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System
  13. 13Baylor College of Medicine
  14. 14Harvard Medical School
  15. 15University of California Davis School of Medicine
  16. 16Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
  17. 17University of California at Riverside School of Medicine
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Abstract

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease burden and risk. Plasma proteins may elucidate a biological mechanism through which low SES increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods Participants from the following 3 cohorts were included: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n=2139), Jackson Heart Study (n=967), and Women's Health Initiative (n=1104). SES was approximated using a cumulative score (range 0–3) across education, income, and employment status. A meta‐analysis of Cox proportional hazards ratios was used to assess the association between SES and incident events for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Linear regression was used within each cohort to determine associations between SES and Olink proteins (n=1270 proteins) and the results were meta‐analyzed across cohorts. Regression‐based mediation analysis was used to determine whether the identified proteins were statistical mediators of the association of SES and incident events. Results Higher SES scores were associated with a lower risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63–0.87]) and stroke (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66–1.00]). After correcting for multiple testing (P<3.937×10−5), 233 proteins were associated with SES in the meta‐analysis. Of these 233 proteins, 21 had a significant indirect effect on SES and CHD. Because the SES‐stroke association was not statistically significant, proteins were not tested as mediators. Conclusions Our analysis of multiple cohorts identified evidence of different proteomic pathways associated with SES and cardiovascular disease. This work suggests that exogenous social factors (eg, SES) may influence cardiovascular disease via proteomic profiles.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{glover2026role,
  title = {{Role of Plasma Proteins in the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Disease Events: Results From Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine Cohorts}},
  author = {LáShauntá M. Glover and Madeline G. Gillman and Michael D. Green and Sara N. O'Brien and Ramon Casanova and James S. Floyd and Charles Kooperberg and Michelle C. Odden and Stephen S. Rich and Jerome I. Rotter and Amil Shah and Hilary A. Tindle and Alexis C. Wood and Robert Gerszten and Alexander Reiner and Lorena Garcia and Yanwei Cai and Tomi Akinyemiju and Emily C. O'Brien and Mario Sims and Laura M. Raffield},
  journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1161/jaha.125.043751},
  url = {https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.043751},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Role of Plasma Proteins in the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Disease Events: Results From Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine Cohorts
AU  - LáShauntá M. Glover
AU  - Madeline G. Gillman
AU  - Michael D. Green
AU  - Sara N. O'Brien
AU  - Ramon Casanova
AU  - James S. Floyd
AU  - Charles Kooperberg
AU  - Michelle C. Odden
AU  - Stephen S. Rich
AU  - Jerome I. Rotter
AU  - Amil Shah
AU  - Hilary A. Tindle
AU  - Alexis C. Wood
AU  - Robert Gerszten
AU  - Alexander Reiner
AU  - Lorena Garcia
AU  - Yanwei Cai
AU  - Tomi Akinyemiju
AU  - Emily C. O'Brien
AU  - Mario Sims
AU  - Laura M. Raffield
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - Journal of the American Heart Association
DO  - 10.1161/jaha.125.043751
UR  - https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.043751
AB  - Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease burden and risk. Plasma proteins may elucidate a biological mechanism through which low SES increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods Participants from the following 3 cohorts were included: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n=2139), Jackson Heart Study (n=967), and Women's Health Initiative (n=1104). SES was approximated using a cumulative score (range 0–3) across education, income, and employment status. A meta‐analysis of Cox proportional hazards ratios was used to assess the association between SES and incident events for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Linear regression was used within each cohort to determine associations between SES and Olink proteins (n=1270 proteins) and the results were meta‐analyzed across cohorts. Regression‐based mediation analysis was used to determine whether the identified proteins were statistical mediators of the association of SES and incident events. Results Higher SES scores were associated with a lower risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63–0.87]) and stroke (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66–1.00]). After correcting for multiple testing (P<3.937×10−5), 233 proteins were associated with SES in the meta‐analysis. Of these 233 proteins, 21 had a significant indirect effect on SES and CHD. Because the SES‐stroke association was not statistically significant, proteins were not tested as mediators. Conclusions Our analysis of multiple cohorts identified evidence of different proteomic pathways associated with SES and cardiovascular disease. This work suggests that exogenous social factors (eg, SES) may influence cardiovascular disease via proteomic profiles.
SN  - 2047-9980
ER  -