Clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes of triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ: a single-center cohort study.
10 affiliations
- 1The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- 2Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- 3Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- 4Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China.
- 5Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- 6Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China.
- 7Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China. [email protected].
- 8The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. [email protected].
- 9Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. [email protected].
- 10Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ (TN-DCIS) is uncommon, and its prognostic significance remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features of TN-DCIS and evaluate its association with recurrence outcomes.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with pathologically confirmed pure DCIS treated at Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients with microinvasive or invasive carcinoma were excluded. Patients were classified as TN-DCIS or non-TN DCIS according to immunohistochemistry. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)-free survival, invasive recurrence-free survival, and time to invasive recurrence. Survival outcomes were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared with log-rank tests. Cox regression was used to explore factors associated with DFS.Results
Among 111 patients, 13 (11.7%) had TN-DCIS and 98 had non-TN DCIS. Within 5 years of follow-up, DFS events occurred in four patients with TN-DCIS and one patient with non-TN DCIS. The corresponding 5-year DFS rate was lower in the TN-DCIS group than in the non-TN DCIS group (69.23% [95% CI, 48.19-99.47] vs. 98.98% [95% CI, 97.01-100.00]; p < 0.001). In exploratory multivariable Cox analysis, TN-DCIS was associated with poorer DFS (HR 5.990, 95% CI, 1.686-21.280; p = 0.0056). Breastfeeding history was associated with lower recurrence risk (HR 0.123, 95% CI, 0.030-0.513; p = 0.004), whereas CK5/6 positivity was associated with increased recurrence risk (HR 5.525, 95% CI, 1.302-23.451; p = 0.0205). TN-DCIS was also associated with poorer 5-year IBTR-free survival and invasive recurrence-free survival, with similar exploratory findings observed in the breast-conserving surgery subgroup.Conclusions
TN-DCIS was uncommon but associated with increased recurrence risk. The triple-negative phenotype may identify a clinically higher-risk DCIS subgroup. These findings warrant validation in larger multicenter cohorts and future evaluation of tailored surveillance strategies.
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BibTeX
@article{liu2026clinicopathological,
title = {{Clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes of triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ: a single-center cohort study.}},
author = {Jingwei Liu and Nan Zhang and Xiujie Yu and Rui Feng and Hong Liu},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12957-026-04505-1},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958343},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes of triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ: a single-center cohort study.
AU - Jingwei Liu
AU - Nan Zhang
AU - Xiujie Yu
AU - Rui Feng
AU - Hong Liu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - World journal of surgical oncology
DO - 10.1186/s12957-026-04505-1
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958343
AB - Background Triple-negative ductal carcinoma in situ (TN-DCIS) is uncommon, and its prognostic significance remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features of TN-DCIS and evaluate its association with recurrence outcomes.Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with pathologically confirmed pure DCIS treated at Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients with microinvasive or invasive carcinoma were excluded. Patients were classified as TN-DCIS or non-TN DCIS according to immunohistochemistry. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)-free survival, invasive recurrence-free survival, and time to invasive recurrence. Survival outcomes were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared with log-rank tests. Cox regression was used to explore factors associated with DFS.Results Among 111 patients, 13 (11.7%) had TN-DCIS and 98 had non-TN DCIS. Within 5 years of follow-up, DFS events occurred in four patients with TN-DCIS and one patient with non-TN DCIS. The corresponding 5-year DFS rate was lower in the TN-DCIS group than in the non-TN DCIS group (69.23% [95% CI, 48.19-99.47] vs. 98.98% [95% CI, 97.01-100.00]; p < 0.001). In exploratory multivariable Cox analysis, TN-DCIS was associated with poorer DFS (HR 5.990, 95% CI, 1.686-21.280; p = 0.0056). Breastfeeding history was associated with lower recurrence risk (HR 0.123, 95% CI, 0.030-0.513; p = 0.004), whereas CK5/6 positivity was associated with increased recurrence risk (HR 5.525, 95% CI, 1.302-23.451; p = 0.0205). TN-DCIS was also associated with poorer 5-year IBTR-free survival and invasive recurrence-free survival, with similar exploratory findings observed in the breast-conserving surgery subgroup.Conclusions TN-DCIS was uncommon but associated with increased recurrence risk. The triple-negative phenotype may identify a clinically higher-risk DCIS subgroup. These findings warrant validation in larger multicenter cohorts and future evaluation of tailored surveillance strategies.
SN - 1477-7819
ER -