Phosphorescent Sensing of ADN Using Copper(I) Coordination Polymers
- 1Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,
- 2Lunan Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology , , ,
Abstract
Rapid, selective, and field-deployable detection of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is important for the safe production, handling, and monitoring of energetic materials. Herein, we report a distinct synthetic strategy for the known Cu(I) coordination polymer [Cu(pz)]n and reveal its previously unexplored phosphorescent sensing capability toward ADN. Inspired by the thermal reduction of related Cu(II) imidazolate frameworks, Pbca-[Cu(pz)]n was prepared from Cu(pz)2 via high-temperature reduction and vapor deposition, affording diffraction-quality single crystals for accurate structural refinement and photophysical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first application of [Cu(pz)]n as a phosphorescent sensing platform for ADN. Upon exposure to ADN, [Cu(pz)]n shows phosphorescence quenching mainly via competitive absorption (CA), with possible photoinduced electron transfer (PET) contribution. The Stern–Volmer response shows a linear relationship over the ADN concentration range of 0–80 μM (R2 = 0.987), with a Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) of 2.7 × 104 M–1 and a detection limit of 5.56 μM. Although previously reported graphene-based voltammetric and AuNP-based colorimetric methods achieve lower detection limits of 2.0 μM and approximately 0.10 μM, respectively, they rely on electrode-based measurements or multistep UV-assisted chemical conversion and derivatization. In contrast, [Cu(pz)]n enables direct phosphorescence sensing of ADN without such pretreatment and shows high selectivity over the tested energetic materials. Furthermore, [Cu(pz)]n can be incorporated into test strips for visual ADN detection, demonstrating its potential as a simple and convenient platform for rapid on-site screening.
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BibTeX
@article{shang2026phosphorescent,
title = {{Phosphorescent Sensing of ADN Using Copper(I) Coordination Polymers}},
author = {Pengfei Shang and Qinwen Hou and Xiaoyi Zou and Feijun Wang and Yuchuan Li},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c05273},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05273/5465888/Phosphorescent-Sensing-of-ADN-Using-Copper-I},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Phosphorescent Sensing of ADN Using Copper(I) Coordination Polymers
AU - Pengfei Shang
AU - Qinwen Hou
AU - Xiaoyi Zou
AU - Feijun Wang
AU - Yuchuan Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c05273
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05273/5465888/Phosphorescent-Sensing-of-ADN-Using-Copper-I
AB - Rapid, selective, and field-deployable detection of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is important for the safe production, handling, and monitoring of energetic materials. Herein, we report a distinct synthetic strategy for the known Cu(I) coordination polymer [Cu(pz)]n and reveal its previously unexplored phosphorescent sensing capability toward ADN. Inspired by the thermal reduction of related Cu(II) imidazolate frameworks, Pbca-[Cu(pz)]n was prepared from Cu(pz)2 via high-temperature reduction and vapor deposition, affording diffraction-quality single crystals for accurate structural refinement and photophysical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first application of [Cu(pz)]n as a phosphorescent sensing platform for ADN. Upon exposure to ADN, [Cu(pz)]n shows phosphorescence quenching mainly via competitive absorption (CA), with possible photoinduced electron transfer (PET) contribution. The Stern–Volmer response shows a linear relationship over the ADN concentration range of 0–80 μM (R2 = 0.987), with a Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) of 2.7 × 104 M–1 and a detection limit of 5.56 μM. Although previously reported graphene-based voltammetric and AuNP-based colorimetric methods achieve lower detection limits of 2.0 μM and approximately 0.10 μM, respectively, they rely on electrode-based measurements or multistep UV-assisted chemical conversion and derivatization. In contrast, [Cu(pz)]n enables direct phosphorescence sensing of ADN without such pretreatment and shows high selectivity over the tested energetic materials. Furthermore, [Cu(pz)]n can be incorporated into test strips for visual ADN detection, demonstrating its potential as a simple and convenient platform for rapid on-site screening.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -