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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of Xenobiotics

Food-Source Patterns and Serum Trace-Metal Biomarkers in the SPES Population Biomonitoring Study, Campania, Italy

  • Annachiara Coppola1
  • Paolo Montuori2
  • Maria Triassi3,2
  • Alessandro Federico1
  • Marcello Dallio1
  • Fabiana Di Duca2
  • Elvira De Rosa3,2
  • Carlo Buonerba2
  • Pellegrino Cerino2
  1. 1Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
  2. 2Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
  3. 3Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: SPES links municipal-cluster biomonitoring with questionnaire data in Campania. We evaluated associations between food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-derived food-source patterns, water intake, and serum trace-element biomarkers. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included 4137 diet responders. Fifteen food-density groups and water were modelled with covariate adjustment and municipal-cluster random intercepts. Below-LOQ values underwent censoring-aware multiple imputation; false discovery rate (FDR) control was applied within prespecified families. Primary endpoints were Hg-202, As-75, Cd-111, Pb-208, and Ni-60. RESULTS: Five of 65 primary tests met the FDR threshold. Per interquartile-range (IQR) increase, seafood total density was associated with higher As-75 (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 1.238, 95% CI 1.147-1.335) and Hg-202 (GMR 1.145, 1.084-1.210). Sentinel models showed positive associations of fish and crustaceans/molluscs with As-75 and of fish with Hg-202. Quartile, spline, measured-only, energy-intake, and alcohol-adjusted analyses supported these findings. No association met the FDR threshold for Cd-111, Pb-208, or Ni-60. CONCLUSIONS: Seafood intake was associated with total serum Hg-202 and As-75. Because As-75 was non-speciated and may partly reflect recent seafood-derived organic arsenic, its toxicological significance was uncertain. The design did not establish speciation, source, causality, or individual clinical risk.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{coppola2026foodsource,
  title = {{Food-Source Patterns and Serum Trace-Metal Biomarkers in the SPES Population Biomonitoring Study, Campania, Italy}},
  author = {Annachiara Coppola and Paolo Montuori and Maria Triassi and Alessandro Federico and Marcello Dallio and Fabiana Di Duca and Elvira De Rosa and Carlo Buonerba and Pellegrino Cerino},
  journal = {Journal of Xenobiotics},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.3390/jox16040153},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040153},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Food-Source Patterns and Serum Trace-Metal Biomarkers in the SPES Population Biomonitoring Study, Campania, Italy
AU  - Annachiara Coppola
AU  - Paolo Montuori
AU  - Maria Triassi
AU  - Alessandro Federico
AU  - Marcello Dallio
AU  - Fabiana Di Duca
AU  - Elvira De Rosa
AU  - Carlo Buonerba
AU  - Pellegrino Cerino
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/19
JO  - Journal of Xenobiotics
DO  - 10.3390/jox16040153
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040153
AB  - BACKGROUND: SPES links municipal-cluster biomonitoring with questionnaire data in Campania. We evaluated associations between food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-derived food-source patterns, water intake, and serum trace-element biomarkers. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included 4137 diet responders. Fifteen food-density groups and water were modelled with covariate adjustment and municipal-cluster random intercepts. Below-LOQ values underwent censoring-aware multiple imputation; false discovery rate (FDR) control was applied within prespecified families. Primary endpoints were Hg-202, As-75, Cd-111, Pb-208, and Ni-60. RESULTS: Five of 65 primary tests met the FDR threshold. Per interquartile-range (IQR) increase, seafood total density was associated with higher As-75 (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 1.238, 95% CI 1.147-1.335) and Hg-202 (GMR 1.145, 1.084-1.210). Sentinel models showed positive associations of fish and crustaceans/molluscs with As-75 and of fish with Hg-202. Quartile, spline, measured-only, energy-intake, and alcohol-adjusted analyses supported these findings. No association met the FDR threshold for Cd-111, Pb-208, or Ni-60. CONCLUSIONS: Seafood intake was associated with total serum Hg-202 and As-75. Because As-75 was non-speciated and may partly reflect recent seafood-derived organic arsenic, its toxicological significance was uncertain. The design did not establish speciation, source, causality, or individual clinical risk.
SN  - 2039-4705
SN  - 2039-4713
ER  -