The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary disks (AGE-PRO): Evolution of dust properties from multi-wavelength observations
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of solids in protoplanetary discs is important to comprehend the formation of giant planets cores and terrestrial planets. The ALMA Large Program AGE-PRO studied key disc properties in a survey of 30 protoplanetary discs across three evolutionary stages: the embedded phase (0.5-1 Myr), the middle-age phase (1-3 Myr), and the end of the disc lifetime (2-6 Myr). Preliminary dust properties were estimated using 1.3 mm observations, but a multi-wavelength analysis provides a better constraint of important properties such as the dust disc mass, the dust temperature, and the maximum grain size. We present new ALMA 3.1 mm and 1.5 mm (Bands 3 and 5) continuum observations of the complete survey of 30 AGE-PRO discs. We fitted the observed visibilities and derived radial brightness profiles, spatially resolving 20 discs from the AGE-PRO sample at the two studied wavelengths. A multi-wavelength modelling was performed including also the radial profiles from the 1.3 mm observations. Our results replicate trends obtained from the single wavelength analysis: the dust disc size seems to be constant over age and the dust disc mass decreases with time, with a factor ∼10-40 uncertainty from opacity assumptions. This result implies much lower gas-to-dust mass ratios for the discs in our sample than previously reported. In addition, the derived spectral indices are consistent with optically thick emission in a large fraction of the AGE-PRO discs, in particular for the Ophiuchus and Lupus discs.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{pulgares2026alma,
title = {{The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary disks (AGE-PRO): Evolution of dust properties from multi-wavelength observations}},
author = {Camila Pulgarés and Laura M. Pérez and Carolina Agurto-Gangas and Lilian Luo and Paola Pinilla and Anibal Sierra and Miguel Vioque and Nicolás Kurtovic and Rossella Anania and John Carpenter and Lucas Cieza and Dingshan Deng and Camilo González-Ruilova and Michiel R. Hogerheijde and James Miley and Ke Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.32906},
eprint = {2610.32906},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32906},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary disks (AGE-PRO): Evolution of dust properties from multi-wavelength observations
AU - Camila Pulgarés
AU - Laura M. Pérez
AU - Carolina Agurto-Gangas
AU - Lilian Luo
AU - Paola Pinilla
AU - Anibal Sierra
AU - Miguel Vioque
AU - Nicolás Kurtovic
AU - Rossella Anania
AU - John Carpenter
AU - Lucas Cieza
AU - Dingshan Deng
AU - Camilo González-Ruilova
AU - Michiel R. Hogerheijde
AU - James Miley
AU - Ke Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.32906
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32906
AB - Understanding the evolution of solids in protoplanetary discs is important to comprehend the formation of giant planets cores and terrestrial planets. The ALMA Large Program AGE-PRO studied key disc properties in a survey of 30 protoplanetary discs across three evolutionary stages: the embedded phase (0.5-1 Myr), the middle-age phase (1-3 Myr), and the end of the disc lifetime (2-6 Myr). Preliminary dust properties were estimated using 1.3 mm observations, but a multi-wavelength analysis provides a better constraint of important properties such as the dust disc mass, the dust temperature, and the maximum grain size. We present new ALMA 3.1 mm and 1.5 mm (Bands 3 and 5) continuum observations of the complete survey of 30 AGE-PRO discs. We fitted the observed visibilities and derived radial brightness profiles, spatially resolving 20 discs from the AGE-PRO sample at the two studied wavelengths. A multi-wavelength modelling was performed including also the radial profiles from the 1.3 mm observations. Our results replicate trends obtained from the single wavelength analysis: the dust disc size seems to be constant over age and the dust disc mass decreases with time, with a factor ∼10-40 uncertainty from opacity assumptions. This result implies much lower gas-to-dust mass ratios for the discs in our sample than previously reported. In addition, the derived spectral indices are consistent with optically thick emission in a large fraction of the AGE-PRO discs, in particular for the Ophiuchus and Lupus discs.
ER -