On the altitude profile of lower ionospheric D-region response time delay during solar flares
Abstract
The D-region ionosphere is sluggish in nature while responding to the incoming solar radiation. We study the altitude (h) profile of mid-latitude D-region response time delay (Delta t) during three chosen solar flares, namely, C5.2, M5.2, and X2.2 classes. We solve "electron continuity equation" numerically at each and every h to obtain Delta t-h profile. We investigate the 1) latitudinal variation (over both Northern and Southern hemispheres) and 2) seasonal variation (throughout the year) of Delta t-h profiles of each of these solar flares separately. We go over noteworthy variations of Delta t-h profile for both 1) and 2) with reasonably different results over different hemispheres. Also, we study some contrasting behaviours of Delta t-h profile of X2.2 class for both 1) and 2) in comparison to C5.2 or M5.2 classes. We conclude the outcome with possible explanations.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{chakraborty2026altitude,
title = {{On the altitude profile of lower ionospheric D-region response time delay during solar flares}},
author = {Sayak Chakraborty and Rakhi Paul and Tamal Basak},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.29094},
eprint = {2609.29094},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29094},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - On the altitude profile of lower ionospheric D-region response time delay during solar flares
AU - Sayak Chakraborty
AU - Rakhi Paul
AU - Tamal Basak
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/24
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.29094
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29094
AB - The D-region ionosphere is sluggish in nature while responding to the incoming solar radiation. We study the altitude (h) profile of mid-latitude D-region response time delay (Delta t) during three chosen solar flares, namely, C5.2, M5.2, and X2.2 classes. We solve "electron continuity equation" numerically at each and every h to obtain Delta t-h profile. We investigate the 1) latitudinal variation (over both Northern and Southern hemispheres) and 2) seasonal variation (throughout the year) of Delta t-h profiles of each of these solar flares separately. We go over noteworthy variations of Delta t-h profile for both 1) and 2) with reasonably different results over different hemispheres. Also, we study some contrasting behaviours of Delta t-h profile of X2.2 class for both 1) and 2) in comparison to C5.2 or M5.2 classes. We conclude the outcome with possible explanations.
ER -