mm-jets in the multi-messenger era
Abstract
Jets and outflows operate across the full cosmic mass scale from young stellar objects (YSOs) and X-ray binaries (XRBs) to active galactic nuclei (AGN), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and tidal disruption events (TDEs), shaping many time-domain and multi-messenger transients. Key questions concern on how jets are launched, accelerated and collimated; where and how they dissipate energy and accelerate particles; and how they couple to their environments to set electromagnetic counterpart diversity and feedback. Millimeter and sub-millimeter observations uniquely address these questions by tracking the evolving synchrotron turnover for robust calorimetry and Lorentz-factor constraints, providing full-Stokes polarization and Faraday diagnostics close to the jet base, and enabling high-resolution imaging from Galactic ejecta to event-horizon-scale AGN jet bases via global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). We describe the jet and outflow science enabled by ALMA2040, a next-generation mm/sub-mm interferometer combining an order-of-magnitude sensitivity gain with rapid-response observing, simultaneous multi-band coverage, full-Stokes polarimetry, and integration with global VLBI networks. These capabilities will enable statistically controlled, trigger-driven samples spanning XRB outbursts, early GRB afterglows, protostellar disk winds and jet launching, AGN jet bases, and jetted TDEs, establishing mm/sub-mm astronomy as a cornerstone of time-domain and multi-messenger jet physics in the 2040s and beyond.
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BibTeX
@misc{koljonen2026mmjets,
title = {{mm-jets in the multi-messenger era}},
author = {Karri I. I. Koljonen and Thomas D. Russell and Britton Jeter and Lauren Rhodes and Alexandra J. Tetarenko and María Díaz Trigo and Talvikki Hovatta and Pau Bosch-Cabot and Mamta Pandey-Pommier and Alessio Marino and Jakob van den Eijnden and Dieu D. Nguyen and Melania Del Santo and Thomas Maccarone and Anna Y. Q. Ho and Maria C. Baglio and Sera Markoff and the ALMA2040 Transient and Time-Domain Astronomy working group},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20741},
eprint = {2610.20741},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20741},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - mm-jets in the multi-messenger era
AU - Karri I. I. Koljonen
AU - Thomas D. Russell
AU - Britton Jeter
AU - Lauren Rhodes
AU - Alexandra J. Tetarenko
AU - María Díaz Trigo
AU - Talvikki Hovatta
AU - Pau Bosch-Cabot
AU - Mamta Pandey-Pommier
AU - Alessio Marino
AU - Jakob van den Eijnden
AU - Dieu D. Nguyen
AU - Melania Del Santo
AU - Thomas Maccarone
AU - Anna Y. Q. Ho
AU - Maria C. Baglio
AU - Sera Markoff
AU - the ALMA2040 Transient
AU - Time-Domain Astronomy working group
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20741
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20741
AB - Jets and outflows operate across the full cosmic mass scale from young stellar objects (YSOs) and X-ray binaries (XRBs) to active galactic nuclei (AGN), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and tidal disruption events (TDEs), shaping many time-domain and multi-messenger transients. Key questions concern on how jets are launched, accelerated and collimated; where and how they dissipate energy and accelerate particles; and how they couple to their environments to set electromagnetic counterpart diversity and feedback. Millimeter and sub-millimeter observations uniquely address these questions by tracking the evolving synchrotron turnover for robust calorimetry and Lorentz-factor constraints, providing full-Stokes polarization and Faraday diagnostics close to the jet base, and enabling high-resolution imaging from Galactic ejecta to event-horizon-scale AGN jet bases via global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). We describe the jet and outflow science enabled by ALMA2040, a next-generation mm/sub-mm interferometer combining an order-of-magnitude sensitivity gain with rapid-response observing, simultaneous multi-band coverage, full-Stokes polarimetry, and integration with global VLBI networks. These capabilities will enable statistically controlled, trigger-driven samples spanning XRB outbursts, early GRB afterglows, protostellar disk winds and jet launching, AGN jet bases, and jetted TDEs, establishing mm/sub-mm astronomy as a cornerstone of time-domain and multi-messenger jet physics in the 2040s and beyond.
ER -