Decipher the nature of glueball candidate X(2370)

Abstract

As a unique form of matter composed entirely of gauge bosons, glueballs are an important low-energy prediction of QCD. After decades of searches, the BESIII Collaboration recently suggested that X(2370) may contain a dominant glueball component, based largely on evidence that it is approximately a flavor singlet. Recognizing that flavor-singlet character does not uniquely identify a glueball, we perform a comprehensive analysis using available mass, flavor-singlet, and decay constraints. We find that three flavor-singlet configurations-hybrid meson, tetraquark state, and trigluon glueball-can satisfactorily reproduce the existing experimental data. Among these possibilities, the hybrid structure best describes the measured three-pseudoscalar decay ratios. To ultimately pin down the dominant structure of X(2370), we propose measuring the decay-width ratios a₀(1450)π/[K₀^*(1430)K̅+c.c.] and ϕϕ/[b₁(1235)ρ], which can exclusively distinguish these three scenarios.

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Lightest 0⁻⁺ Glueball as Dominant Constituent of X(2370)
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Analysis of the X(2370) as a glueball based on rigorous current-field duality
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A glueball puzzle explained in terms of ϕh₁(1380) dynamics: Aka X(2370)
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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{zhang2026decipher,
  title = {{Decipher the nature of glueball candidate $X(2370)$}},
  author = {Sheng-Qi Zhang and Bing-Dong Wan and Cong-Feng Qiao},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.05908},
  eprint = {2609.05908},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05908},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Decipher the nature of glueball candidate X(2370)
AU  - Sheng-Qi Zhang
AU  - Bing-Dong Wan
AU  - Cong-Feng Qiao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/13
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.05908
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05908
AB  - As a unique form of matter composed entirely of gauge bosons, glueballs are an important low-energy prediction of QCD. After decades of searches, the BESIII Collaboration recently suggested that X(2370) may contain a dominant glueball component, based largely on evidence that it is approximately a flavor singlet. Recognizing that flavor-singlet character does not uniquely identify a glueball, we perform a comprehensive analysis using available mass, flavor-singlet, and decay constraints. We find that three flavor-singlet configurations-hybrid meson, tetraquark state, and trigluon glueball-can satisfactorily reproduce the existing experimental data. Among these possibilities, the hybrid structure best describes the measured three-pseudoscalar decay ratios. To ultimately pin down the dominant structure of X(2370), we propose measuring the decay-width ratios a_0(1450)π/[K_0^*(1430)K̅+c.c.] and ϕϕ/[b_1(1235)ρ], which can exclusively distinguish these three scenarios.
ER  -

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