SN1987A constraints on the neutrino-dark-fermion interaction from resonant scattering with CνB
Abstract
Neutrino self-interactions mediated by a light scalar offer a compelling resolution to cosmological tensions and may naturally arise in neutrino mass generation mechanisms. When the scalar also couples to a light dark-sector fermion, supernova neutrinos can resonantly annihilate with the cosmic neutrino background (CνB) into invisible dark radiation, depleting the flux en route to Earth. We use this depletion to constrain the neutrino-scalar coupling from the SN1987A data. Within a Bayesian framework we analyze the data for two supernova neutrino emission models, a parameterized model and a 2D hydrodynamic simulation, and for two coupling types, a mass-independent one and a mass-proportional one. Our results show that new-physics limits from SN1987A cannot be quoted independently of the heavy-flavor emission, the flavor conversion, or the coupling structure. Finally, we forecast that a future high-statistics burst recorded by Hyper-Kamiokande would restore a meaningful upper bound even when flavor conversion is included.
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BibTeX
@misc{gao2026sn1987a,
title = {{SN1987A constraints on the neutrino-dark-fermion interaction from resonant scattering with C$ν$B}},
author = {Christina Gao and Ke Hu and Kun-Feng Lyu and Vincent Zou},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.01716},
eprint = {2609.01716},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01716},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - SN1987A constraints on the neutrino-dark-fermion interaction from resonant scattering with CνB
AU - Christina Gao
AU - Ke Hu
AU - Kun-Feng Lyu
AU - Vincent Zou
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.01716
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01716
AB - Neutrino self-interactions mediated by a light scalar offer a compelling resolution to cosmological tensions and may naturally arise in neutrino mass generation mechanisms. When the scalar also couples to a light dark-sector fermion, supernova neutrinos can resonantly annihilate with the cosmic neutrino background (CνB) into invisible dark radiation, depleting the flux en route to Earth. We use this depletion to constrain the neutrino-scalar coupling from the SN1987A data. Within a Bayesian framework we analyze the data for two supernova neutrino emission models, a parameterized model and a 2D hydrodynamic simulation, and for two coupling types, a mass-independent one and a mass-proportional one. Our results show that new-physics limits from SN1987A cannot be quoted independently of the heavy-flavor emission, the flavor conversion, or the coupling structure. Finally, we forecast that a future high-statistics burst recorded by Hyper-Kamiokande would restore a meaningful upper bound even when flavor conversion is included.
ER -