Sparking Nanometal Oxides for Modifying Surface Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blends
7 affiliations
- 1Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- 2Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- 3Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- 4Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- 6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- 7College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
Abstract
A thermoplastic starch (TPS) was developed by blending cassava starch in a 70/30% wt/wt ratio. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 5% wt/wt was added during TPS solution mixing at 80 °C. Sparking technology was applied to deposit nanometal particles onto polymer surfaces. Nanometal oxide particles of Ag, Zn, and Cu were sparked on the surface of TPS and TPS/CMC samples to investigate the effects of the metal type and polymer surface chemistry on the resulting material properties. The surface morphology, element distribution, mechanical properties, color characteristics, wettability, and thermal behavior were evaluated. The tensile strength of TPS/CMC increased from 2.2 MPa to 5.0 MPa with Ag sparking, while the contact angle of TPS/CMC increased from 41.3° to 91.6°, 89.3°, and 95.1° after Ag, Zn, and Cu sparking, respectively. SEM–EDS confirmed the deposition and distribution of the nanometal types on the polymer surfaces. The sparked TPS/CMC samples exhibited higher contact angles than the sparked TPS sample due to the strong interactions between the deposited nanometal particles and –COOH functional groups of CMC. The thermal analysis showed that the deposited metal type influenced the degradation behavior of the TPS and TPS/CMC samples. Sparking technology provided effective surface modification via depositing nanometal particles onto TPS/CMC, resulting in uniform particle distribution and enhanced mechanical and surface wettability properties, with potential applications in the sustainable packaging industry.
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BibTeX
@article{kodsangma2026sparking,
title = {{Sparking Nanometal Oxides for Modifying Surface Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blends}},
author = {Araya Kodsangma and Itchaya Thinnakorn and Pornchai Rachtanapun and Winita Punyodom and Pensak Jantrawut and Patnarin Worajittiphon and Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng and Kittisak Jantanasakulwong},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/polym18202571},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2571},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Sparking Nanometal Oxides for Modifying Surface Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blends
AU - Araya Kodsangma
AU - Itchaya Thinnakorn
AU - Pornchai Rachtanapun
AU - Winita Punyodom
AU - Pensak Jantrawut
AU - Patnarin Worajittiphon
AU - Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng
AU - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18202571
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2571
AB - A thermoplastic starch (TPS) was developed by blending cassava starch in a 70/30% wt/wt ratio. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 5% wt/wt was added during TPS solution mixing at 80 °C. Sparking technology was applied to deposit nanometal particles onto polymer surfaces. Nanometal oxide particles of Ag, Zn, and Cu were sparked on the surface of TPS and TPS/CMC samples to investigate the effects of the metal type and polymer surface chemistry on the resulting material properties. The surface morphology, element distribution, mechanical properties, color characteristics, wettability, and thermal behavior were evaluated. The tensile strength of TPS/CMC increased from 2.2 MPa to 5.0 MPa with Ag sparking, while the contact angle of TPS/CMC increased from 41.3° to 91.6°, 89.3°, and 95.1° after Ag, Zn, and Cu sparking, respectively. SEM–EDS confirmed the deposition and distribution of the nanometal types on the polymer surfaces. The sparked TPS/CMC samples exhibited higher contact angles than the sparked TPS sample due to the strong interactions between the deposited nanometal particles and –COOH functional groups of CMC. The thermal analysis showed that the deposited metal type influenced the degradation behavior of the TPS and TPS/CMC samples. Sparking technology provided effective surface modification via depositing nanometal particles onto TPS/CMC, resulting in uniform particle distribution and enhanced mechanical and surface wettability properties, with potential applications in the sustainable packaging industry.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -