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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDScientific Reports

Apple production under changing climate conditions in major producing countries

  • Robert Becker Pickson1
  • Chenchen Zhao2
  • Yaodan Hu2
  • Elliot Boateng3,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1School of Economics and Management, Jiujiang Polytechnic University of Science and Technology, Jiujiang, China. [email protected]
  2. 2School of Economics and Management, Jiujiang Polytechnic University of Science and Technology, Jiujiang, China
  3. 3Centre for African Research, Engagement and Partnerships (CARE-P), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
  4. 4Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Abstract

Apples are a vital dietary resource supporting nutrition across diverse populations; however, global climate change increasingly disrupts apple production, posing growing risks to food security. This study examines the climate-related impacts on apple production in 13 major producing countries using advanced panel econometrics on 3120 observations from 1961Q1 to 2020Q4. The results indicate that elevated temperatures adversely affect apple production, whereas prolonged periods of heavy rainfall also reduce output in the major producing countries. In contrast, expansion of cultivated area and increased fertilizer use enhance apple production. Country-specific results show that, except for Guatemala, higher temperatures are associated with increased apple production, whereas rainfall effects vary across countries. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening government investment in research and extension services to support climate-adaptive apple farming. This policy intervention should prioritize improving farmers' access to climate-resilient technologies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and enhancing training to manage the effects of temperature variability and extreme rainfall.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{pickson2026apple,
  title = {{Apple production under changing climate conditions in major producing countries}},
  author = {Robert Becker Pickson and Chenchen Zhao and Yaodan Hu and Elliot Boateng},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54941-y},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54941-y},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Apple production under changing climate conditions in major producing countries
AU  - Robert Becker Pickson
AU  - Chenchen Zhao
AU  - Yaodan Hu
AU  - Elliot Boateng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/29
JO  - Scientific Reports
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-026-54941-y
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54941-y
AB  - Apples are a vital dietary resource supporting nutrition across diverse populations; however, global climate change increasingly disrupts apple production, posing growing risks to food security. This study examines the climate-related impacts on apple production in 13 major producing countries using advanced panel econometrics on 3120 observations from 1961Q1 to 2020Q4. The results indicate that elevated temperatures adversely affect apple production, whereas prolonged periods of heavy rainfall also reduce output in the major producing countries. In contrast, expansion of cultivated area and increased fertilizer use enhance apple production. Country-specific results show that, except for Guatemala, higher temperatures are associated with increased apple production, whereas rainfall effects vary across countries. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening government investment in research and extension services to support climate-adaptive apple farming. This policy intervention should prioritize improving farmers' access to climate-resilient technologies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and enhancing training to manage the effects of temperature variability and extreme rainfall.
SN  - 2045-2322
ER  -