Conformational Sampling of CPT1A Enables Dynamic Structure-Based Ligand Screening
- 1MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- 2School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in fatty acid β-oxidation and is a target for studies of metabolic disease and cancer. However, the structural dynamics of CPT1A remain poorly understood due to the lack of full-length structure. In this study, we employed an integrated computational approach combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Markov state models (MSMs), and binding free energy calculations to elucidate the conformational landscape of human CPT1A. We performed an all-atom MD simulation of CPT1A embedded in a realistic outer mitochondrial membrane, and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF)-guided local region analysis coupled with MSM transition-path analysis and GROMOS clustering convergently identified a representative conformation. The pathway probabilities reported here describe dominant local transitions within specific mobile segments rather than the global equilibrium population of the full-length protein. Using this representative conformation, we performed a virtual screening of over 1.23 million compounds from the ChemDiv library, followed by Lipinski filtering, yielding five candidates with docking scores below −10 kcal/mol. Subsequent MD simulations and binding free energy calculations confirmed stable binding, with Compound 2 exhibiting the most favorable free energy of −25.99 kcal/mol. Principal component analysis (PCA) and secondary-structure analyses revealed ligand-specific modulation of CPT1A dynamics. A preliminary in vitro CPT1 activity assay revealed candidate-specific responses, and the free-energy and activity data were partially consistent. These results provide a dynamically informed structural basis for CPT1A ligand recognition, identify candidates with distinct energetic and functional profiles, and establish an integrated strategy for ligand discovery in structurally uncharacterized proteins.
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BibTeX
@article{zhang2026conformational,
title = {{Conformational Sampling of CPT1A Enables Dynamic Structure-Based Ligand Screening}},
author = {Sijia Zhang and Yingbo Zhang and Jiasheng Zhao and Jiangang Long and Lei Zhang and Zhiwei Yang},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27198840},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8840},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Conformational Sampling of CPT1A Enables Dynamic Structure-Based Ligand Screening
AU - Sijia Zhang
AU - Yingbo Zhang
AU - Jiasheng Zhao
AU - Jiangang Long
AU - Lei Zhang
AU - Zhiwei Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27198840
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8840
AB - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in fatty acid β-oxidation and is a target for studies of metabolic disease and cancer. However, the structural dynamics of CPT1A remain poorly understood due to the lack of full-length structure. In this study, we employed an integrated computational approach combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Markov state models (MSMs), and binding free energy calculations to elucidate the conformational landscape of human CPT1A. We performed an all-atom MD simulation of CPT1A embedded in a realistic outer mitochondrial membrane, and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF)-guided local region analysis coupled with MSM transition-path analysis and GROMOS clustering convergently identified a representative conformation. The pathway probabilities reported here describe dominant local transitions within specific mobile segments rather than the global equilibrium population of the full-length protein. Using this representative conformation, we performed a virtual screening of over 1.23 million compounds from the ChemDiv library, followed by Lipinski filtering, yielding five candidates with docking scores below −10 kcal/mol. Subsequent MD simulations and binding free energy calculations confirmed stable binding, with Compound 2 exhibiting the most favorable free energy of −25.99 kcal/mol. Principal component analysis (PCA) and secondary-structure analyses revealed ligand-specific modulation of CPT1A dynamics. A preliminary in vitro CPT1 activity assay revealed candidate-specific responses, and the free-energy and activity data were partially consistent. These results provide a dynamically informed structural basis for CPT1A ligand recognition, identify candidates with distinct energetic and functional profiles, and establish an integrated strategy for ligand discovery in structurally uncharacterized proteins.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -