Incidence of food insecurity among adults and older adults diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a longitudinal study, Rio Grande, 2021-2023.
- 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde Rio GrandeRS Brazil.
- 2Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem PelotasRS Brazil.
Abstract
Objective
To assess the incidence of food insecurity over a one-and-a-half-year period in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, and to investigate risk factors, considering adults and older adults who had coronavirus disease 2019.Methods
This is a longitudinal study, with data collected at two time points: 2021 and 2022-2023. Food insecurity was assessed using the reduced version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA). The following were considered as exposure variables: sex, age, race/color, marital status, educational level, family income, income situation, and employment status during the pandemic. The variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies, and proportions were compared using the Chi-square test. Associated factors were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment.Results
Among the 1,231 individuals analyzed, the incidence of food insecurity during the period was 20.1%. In the adjusted analysis, female sex (incidence ratio [IR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.21; 1.95), lower educational levels (IR 1.75; 95%CI 1.26; 2.41 and IR 1.54; 95%CI 1.16; 2.04), lower family income (IR 2.01; 95%CI 1.17; 3.47 and IR 2.53; 95%CI 1.54; 4.15), and marked income reduction during the pandemic (IR 1.51; 95%CI 1.15; 1.98) were risk factors associated with the incidence of food insecurity.Conclusion
The results showed that 2 out of every 10 individuals developed food insecurity over the follow-up period, which spanned the pandemic and the subsequent period, with greater risk among individuals in more socially vulnerable groups.
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BibTeX
@article{velho2026incidence,
title = {{Incidence of food insecurity among adults and older adults diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a longitudinal study, Rio Grande, 2021-2023.}},
author = {Thais Dos Anjos Velho and Lilia Schug de Moraes and Bianca Languer Vargas and Mirelle de Oliveira Saes and Suele Manjourany Silva Duro and Romina Buffarini},
journal = {Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1590/s2237-96222026v35e20250935.en},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42922759},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Incidence of food insecurity among adults and older adults diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a longitudinal study, Rio Grande, 2021-2023.
AU - Thais Dos Anjos Velho
AU - Lilia Schug de Moraes
AU - Bianca Languer Vargas
AU - Mirelle de Oliveira Saes
AU - Suele Manjourany Silva Duro
AU - Romina Buffarini
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/02
JO - Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil
DO - 10.1590/s2237-96222026v35e20250935.en
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42922759
AB - Objective To assess the incidence of food insecurity over a one-and-a-half-year period in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, and to investigate risk factors, considering adults and older adults who had coronavirus disease 2019.Methods This is a longitudinal study, with data collected at two time points: 2021 and 2022-2023. Food insecurity was assessed using the reduced version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA). The following were considered as exposure variables: sex, age, race/color, marital status, educational level, family income, income situation, and employment status during the pandemic. The variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies, and proportions were compared using the Chi-square test. Associated factors were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment.Results Among the 1,231 individuals analyzed, the incidence of food insecurity during the period was 20.1%. In the adjusted analysis, female sex (incidence ratio [IR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.21; 1.95), lower educational levels (IR 1.75; 95%CI 1.26; 2.41 and IR 1.54; 95%CI 1.16; 2.04), lower family income (IR 2.01; 95%CI 1.17; 3.47 and IR 2.53; 95%CI 1.54; 4.15), and marked income reduction during the pandemic (IR 1.51; 95%CI 1.15; 1.98) were risk factors associated with the incidence of food insecurity.Conclusion The results showed that 2 out of every 10 individuals developed food insecurity over the follow-up period, which spanned the pandemic and the subsequent period, with greater risk among individuals in more socially vulnerable groups.
SN - 1679-4974
SN - 2237-9622
ER -