Peer-reviewedCC BYRevista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
Safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment in children aged under 5 years: A rapid review.
- 1Hcor, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- 2Ministério da Saúde, Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância da Tuberculose, Micoses Endêmicas e Micobactérias Não Tuberculosas, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) in children aged <5 years, including those with immunocompromising conditions.Methods
A rapid review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library, and the Cochrane Library, including systematic reviews and primary studies.Results
Five studies were included, assessing isoniazid-based regimens. Adverse events were mild and reversible, such as transient liver enzyme elevations and peripheral neuropathy. Severe hepatotoxicity was rare and primarily reported in children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Conclusions
TPT appears generally safe in children aged <5 years; however, evidence remains limited for shorter regimens and immunocompromised populations.
Related
- Health system and household costs of preventive treatment delivery for children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
- High Initiation but Suboptimal Completion of Tuberculosis-Preventive Treatment Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy, Persistent Tuberculosis Incidence, and Programmatic Implications: Findings From a 2-Year Multicountry Cohort Study
- Determinants of willingness to accept Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) among close contacts with Tuberculosis Infection (TBI) in Xinjiang, China
- Not Sick, Yet Treated: Barriers and Facilitators to Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Uptake Among Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh
- Tuberculosis preventive treatment and care cascade among household contacts of patients starting tuberculosis treatment in Southern Africa: a multicountry cohort analysis
BibTeX
@article{uchimura2026safety,
title = {{Safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment in children aged under 5 years: A rapid review.}},
author = {Liza Yurie Teruya Uchimura and Tatiana Yonekura and Jeane Roza Quintans and Mabel Fernandes Figueiró and Karina Dos Santos Casado and Eduardo de Souza Alves and Fernanda Dockhorn Costa Johansen and Daniele Maria Pelissari and Nicole Menezes de Souza},
journal = {Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1590/0037-8682-0029-2026},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42912081},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment in children aged under 5 years: A rapid review.
AU - Liza Yurie Teruya Uchimura
AU - Tatiana Yonekura
AU - Jeane Roza Quintans
AU - Mabel Fernandes Figueiró
AU - Karina Dos Santos Casado
AU - Eduardo de Souza Alves
AU - Fernanda Dockhorn Costa Johansen
AU - Daniele Maria Pelissari
AU - Nicole Menezes de Souza
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
DO - 10.1590/0037-8682-0029-2026
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42912081
AB - Background This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) in children aged <5 years, including those with immunocompromising conditions.Methods A rapid review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library, and the Cochrane Library, including systematic reviews and primary studies.Results Five studies were included, assessing isoniazid-based regimens. Adverse events were mild and reversible, such as transient liver enzyme elevations and peripheral neuropathy. Severe hepatotoxicity was rare and primarily reported in children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Conclusions TPT appears generally safe in children aged <5 years; however, evidence remains limited for shorter regimens and immunocompromised populations.
SN - 0037-8682
SN - 1678-9849
ER -