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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Biomolecules

Single-Cell Multi-Omics Reveals Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling of Adaptive Immunity During Prime-Boost Vaccination

  • Rong Wang1,2
  • Huajie Hu1,2
  • Xuan Li1,2
  • Zijie Scott Zhang1,2,3
  • Rui Cheng1,2
  1. 1Bio-X Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
  2. 2Yunnan Vaccine Laboratory, Kunming 650091, China
  3. 3Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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Abstract

Vaccination induces durable adaptive immunity, yet how transcriptional and chromatin programs are dynamically established and reorganized across successive vaccine doses remains poorly understood. Here, we performed paired single-nucleus RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from four individuals at ten time points spanning primary and booster immunization with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV. More differentially expressed genes and accessible regions were detected after primary than booster vaccination. Notably, independent public Hi-C data provided structural context for candidate DAR-gene associations. In B cells, AP-1 motif accessibility decreased dynamically after primary vaccination, followed by increased plasma cell differentiation and secretory programs. In T cells, signature scores decreased on day 1 after primary vaccination and were accompanied by remodeling of transcription factor-associated chromatin accessibility. These intracellular changes were accompanied by temporal reorganization of T and B cell communication and the emergence of distinct multicellular modules associated with primary and booster responses. Together, our findings describe temporal changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across circulating T and B cells following primary and booster vaccination in this cohort.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wang2026singlecell,
  title = {{Single-Cell Multi-Omics Reveals Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling of Adaptive Immunity During Prime-Boost Vaccination}},
  author = {Rong Wang and Huajie Hu and Xuan Li and Zijie Scott Zhang and Rui Cheng},
  journal = {Biomolecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/biom16111608},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1608},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Single-Cell Multi-Omics Reveals Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling of Adaptive Immunity During Prime-Boost Vaccination
AU  - Rong Wang
AU  - Huajie Hu
AU  - Xuan Li
AU  - Zijie Scott Zhang
AU  - Rui Cheng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/04
JO  - Biomolecules
DO  - 10.3390/biom16111608
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1608
AB  - Vaccination induces durable adaptive immunity, yet how transcriptional and chromatin programs are dynamically established and reorganized across successive vaccine doses remains poorly understood. Here, we performed paired single-nucleus RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from four individuals at ten time points spanning primary and booster immunization with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV. More differentially expressed genes and accessible regions were detected after primary than booster vaccination. Notably, independent public Hi-C data provided structural context for candidate DAR-gene associations. In B cells, AP-1 motif accessibility decreased dynamically after primary vaccination, followed by increased plasma cell differentiation and secretory programs. In T cells, signature scores decreased on day 1 after primary vaccination and were accompanied by remodeling of transcription factor-associated chromatin accessibility. These intracellular changes were accompanied by temporal reorganization of T and B cell communication and the emergence of distinct multicellular modules associated with primary and booster responses. Together, our findings describe temporal changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across circulating T and B cells following primary and booster vaccination in this cohort.
SN  - 2218-273X
ER  -