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Peer-reviewedCC BYDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)

Divergent Human Papillomavirus Genotype Spectra in Three Indigenous Communities of Venezuela: Implications for Vaccine Choice and Cervical Screening.

  • María Fátima Garcés1
  • Jefferson Guzmán Silva1
  • Daniel Aranguren2
  • Lina Figueira3
  • Ricardo Blanch3
  • Marwan Said Aguilar Mejía4,5
  • Yacelli Bustamante Siberio1
  • Juan Bautista De Sanctis6
  • Alexis Hipólito García7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Escuela de Bioanálisis "Dr. Rafael Rangel", Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.
  2. 2Escuela de Medicina "Luis Razetti", Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.
  3. 3Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Escuela de Medicina "Luis Razetti", Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.
  4. 4Instituto Anatomopatológico "Dr. José Antonio O'Daly", Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.
  5. 5Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel", Ministry of Popular Power for Health, Caracas 1050, Venezuela.
  6. 6Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
  7. 7Instituto de Inmunología "Dr. Nicolás Enrique Bianco C.", Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.
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Abstract

Background: Genotype-resolved data on human papillomavirus (HPV) are almost absent for Venezuelan indigenous women. Methods: We studied 260 women from La Guajira (Wayuu, n = 94), Maniapure (Eñepa, n = 141), and Delta Amacuro (Warao, n = 25), processing all self-collected samples with a single real-time PCR assay that resolves 21 genotypes; cytology was available for 144. Results: HPV prevalence was 55.4% (95% CI 49.3-61.3) and high-risk prevalence was 51.2% (95% CI 45.1-57.2), rising from 42.6% in La Guajira to 59.6% in Maniapure and 80.0% in Delta Amacuro (p = 0.001). Nineteen genotypes were detected. HPV-31 was most frequent (15.8%), followed by HPV-16 (11.5%), and each community had its own profile, with HPV-68 and HPV-56 leading in Delta Amacuro. Half of the infected women carried more than one type. Cytology and HPV testing overlapped little: 20 of 78 HPV-positive women with a smear (25.6%) had an abnormal result (κ = 0.056). At least one nonavalent vaccine type was present in 69.4% of infected women, compared with 30.6% for the bivalent vaccine. Conclusions: HPV vaccination is not part of the Venezuelan national program; these data favor the nonavalent formulation, and HPV-based screening would need a feasible triage pathway for the many women who test positive.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{garces2026divergent,
  title = {{Divergent Human Papillomavirus Genotype Spectra in Three Indigenous Communities of Venezuela: Implications for Vaccine Choice and Cervical Screening.}},
  author = {María Fátima Garcés and Jefferson Guzmán Silva and Daniel Aranguren and Lina Figueira and Ricardo Blanch and Marwan Said Aguilar Mejía and Yacelli Bustamante Siberio and Juan Bautista De Sanctis and Alexis Hipólito García},
  journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/diseases14100384},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930011},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Divergent Human Papillomavirus Genotype Spectra in Three Indigenous Communities of Venezuela: Implications for Vaccine Choice and Cervical Screening.
AU  - María Fátima Garcés
AU  - Jefferson Guzmán Silva
AU  - Daniel Aranguren
AU  - Lina Figueira
AU  - Ricardo Blanch
AU  - Marwan Said Aguilar Mejía
AU  - Yacelli Bustamante Siberio
AU  - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
AU  - Alexis Hipólito García
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/diseases14100384
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930011
AB  - Background: Genotype-resolved data on human papillomavirus (HPV) are almost absent for Venezuelan indigenous women. Methods: We studied 260 women from La Guajira (Wayuu, n = 94), Maniapure (Eñepa, n = 141), and Delta Amacuro (Warao, n = 25), processing all self-collected samples with a single real-time PCR assay that resolves 21 genotypes; cytology was available for 144. Results: HPV prevalence was 55.4% (95% CI 49.3-61.3) and high-risk prevalence was 51.2% (95% CI 45.1-57.2), rising from 42.6% in La Guajira to 59.6% in Maniapure and 80.0% in Delta Amacuro (p = 0.001). Nineteen genotypes were detected. HPV-31 was most frequent (15.8%), followed by HPV-16 (11.5%), and each community had its own profile, with HPV-68 and HPV-56 leading in Delta Amacuro. Half of the infected women carried more than one type. Cytology and HPV testing overlapped little: 20 of 78 HPV-positive women with a smear (25.6%) had an abnormal result (κ = 0.056). At least one nonavalent vaccine type was present in 69.4% of infected women, compared with 30.6% for the bivalent vaccine. Conclusions: HPV vaccination is not part of the Venezuelan national program; these data favor the nonavalent formulation, and HPV-based screening would need a feasible triage pathway for the many women who test positive.
SN  - 2079-9721
ER  -