Two-Way Coupled Dynamics of Quantized Vortex Bundle Formation in Spatially Periodic Normal-Fluid Turbulence
Abstract
Using fully coupled two-way simulations combining the vortex filament model with the Navier--Stokes equations, we discover that quantized vortices in superfluid 4He are systematically rolled up into coherent bundles within normal-fluid vortex tubes. Although co-rotating quantized vortices do not aggregate spontaneously, mutual friction with the normal fluid actively drives their bundling, directly inheriting the spatial hierarchy of classical turbulence. Mutual friction excites high-wavenumber normal-fluid vortex tubes adjacent to quantized vortices, while the superfluid forms a nested structure of thick low-wavenumber outer tubes and fine high-wavenumber inner tubes around the vortex lines. A distinct time lag between superfluid kinetic energy and dissipation fuels the energy cascade, giving rise to Kolmogorov's k−5/3 spectrum. Crucially, bundle lifetimes are governed by the ratio of the local coupling time scale tcl to the Kolmogorov dissipation time scale τη (tcl/τη< 20), leading to enhanced thermal stability at higher temperatures. These findings establish a unified mechanism for two-fluid multiscale vortex organization.
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BibTeX
@misc{kobayashi2026twoway,
title = {{Two-Way Coupled Dynamics of Quantized Vortex Bundle Formation in Spatially Periodic Normal-Fluid Turbulence}},
author = {Hiromichi Kobayashi and Makoto Tsubota and Rio Yokota},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.19577},
eprint = {2610.19577},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19577},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Two-Way Coupled Dynamics of Quantized Vortex Bundle Formation in Spatially Periodic Normal-Fluid Turbulence
AU - Hiromichi Kobayashi
AU - Makoto Tsubota
AU - Rio Yokota
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.19577
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19577
AB - Using fully coupled two-way simulations combining the vortex filament model with the Navier--Stokes equations, we discover that quantized vortices in superfluid ^4He are systematically rolled up into coherent bundles within normal-fluid vortex tubes. Although co-rotating quantized vortices do not aggregate spontaneously, mutual friction with the normal fluid actively drives their bundling, directly inheriting the spatial hierarchy of classical turbulence. Mutual friction excites high-wavenumber normal-fluid vortex tubes adjacent to quantized vortices, while the superfluid forms a nested structure of thick low-wavenumber outer tubes and fine high-wavenumber inner tubes around the vortex lines. A distinct time lag between superfluid kinetic energy and dissipation fuels the energy cascade, giving rise to Kolmogorov's k^−5/3 spectrum. Crucially, bundle lifetimes are governed by the ratio of the local coupling time scale t_cl to the Kolmogorov dissipation time scale τ_η (t_cl/τ_η< 20), leading to enhanced thermal stability at higher temperatures. These findings establish a unified mechanism for two-fluid multiscale vortex organization.
ER -