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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0The European Physical Journal C

Long-lived oscillons and domain walls in the ℤ2-symmetric two-Higgs-doublet model

  • Zhaoyu Meng1,2
  1. 1Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  2. 2Southern University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

Domain walls arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking in the early universe are typically unstable and decay rapidly. However, numerical simulations of the ℤ2 Z 2 -symmetric two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) reveal an unexpected long-lived closed domain wall structure that emerges at late stages of decay, which we identify as a high-amplitude oscillon. Their longevity stems from a potential with two distinct vacua: an interior oscillating in one vacuum and an exterior static in the other. Within a specific parameter regime, radiation is highly suppressed and the lifetime can exceed cosmological timescales. To gain analytical insight into the mechanism, we first consider reduced models with fewer fields (2 and 4 real scalars). These are not approximations to the 2HDM but rather toy models that capture the essential feature of a ℤ2 Z 2 -symmetric potential with two vacua. Floquet analysis further confirms the stability of these structures under perturbations in both the 4-field toy model and the full 2HDM.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{meng2026longlived,
  title = {{Long-lived oscillons and domain walls in the $$\mathbb Z_2$$-symmetric two-Higgs-doublet model}},
  author = {Zhaoyu Meng},
  journal = {The European Physical Journal C},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16467-5},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16467-5},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-lived oscillons and domain walls in the ℤ_2-symmetric two-Higgs-doublet model
AU  - Zhaoyu Meng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - The European Physical Journal C
DO  - 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16467-5
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16467-5
AB  - Domain walls arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking in the early universe are typically unstable and decay rapidly. However, numerical simulations of the ℤ_2 Z 2 -symmetric two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) reveal an unexpected long-lived closed domain wall structure that emerges at late stages of decay, which we identify as a high-amplitude oscillon. Their longevity stems from a potential with two distinct vacua: an interior oscillating in one vacuum and an exterior static in the other. Within a specific parameter regime, radiation is highly suppressed and the lifetime can exceed cosmological timescales. To gain analytical insight into the mechanism, we first consider reduced models with fewer fields (2 and 4 real scalars). These are not approximations to the 2HDM but rather toy models that capture the essential feature of a ℤ_2 Z 2 -symmetric potential with two vacua. Floquet analysis further confirms the stability of these structures under perturbations in both the 4-field toy model and the full 2HDM.
SN  - 1434-6044
SN  - 1434-6052
ER  -