A Green Lindqvist-Type POM/TEMPO/H2O2 Ternary Catalytic System for the Selective Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) to Pyridines
- 1School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
Abstract
Pyridine derivatives are prepared via the dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs). Among these methods, stoichiometric catalysis with high waste and electrochemical oxidation with less productivity are limited in their use. Notably, methyl groups and nitrogen atoms may impose limitations on oxidation. We revealed the efficient strategy via recyclable Lindqvist-type polyoxometalate (POM) (n-Bu4N)2[Mo6O19] and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as co-catalysts using the green and economical oxidant hydrogen peroxide. The method applied to the aromatization of a large amount of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) incorporating multiple oxidation-prone groups to pyridines with a high conversation rate and selectivity. The Lindqvist-type POM/TEMPO/H2O2 ternary catalytic system was verified on a larger scale; meanwhile, after being recycled for six times, the Lindqvist-type POM catalyst could be used for the oxidation without obvious loss in reaction time and isolated yield (up to 90%). The mechanism of the ternary catalytic system was proposed by the control experiments.
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BibTeX
@article{zeng2026green,
title = {{A Green Lindqvist-Type POM/TEMPO/H2O2 Ternary Catalytic System for the Selective Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) to Pyridines}},
author = {Qiang Zeng and Xiaoxiao Yan and Shaohong Hou and Yutong Zhang and Jiuzhong Huang and Gaorong Wu and Dan Miao and Feng Jiang and Weiming Chen},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31193529},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/19/3529},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Green Lindqvist-Type POM/TEMPO/H2O2 Ternary Catalytic System for the Selective Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) to Pyridines
AU - Qiang Zeng
AU - Xiaoxiao Yan
AU - Shaohong Hou
AU - Yutong Zhang
AU - Jiuzhong Huang
AU - Gaorong Wu
AU - Dan Miao
AU - Feng Jiang
AU - Weiming Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31193529
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/19/3529
AB - Pyridine derivatives are prepared via the dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs). Among these methods, stoichiometric catalysis with high waste and electrochemical oxidation with less productivity are limited in their use. Notably, methyl groups and nitrogen atoms may impose limitations on oxidation. We revealed the efficient strategy via recyclable Lindqvist-type polyoxometalate (POM) (n-Bu4N)2[Mo6O19] and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as co-catalysts using the green and economical oxidant hydrogen peroxide. The method applied to the aromatization of a large amount of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) incorporating multiple oxidation-prone groups to pyridines with a high conversation rate and selectivity. The Lindqvist-type POM/TEMPO/H2O2 ternary catalytic system was verified on a larger scale; meanwhile, after being recycled for six times, the Lindqvist-type POM catalyst could be used for the oxidation without obvious loss in reaction time and isolated yield (up to 90%). The mechanism of the ternary catalytic system was proposed by the control experiments.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -