Low-energy Muon-Nucleon scattering experiment: LUNE (White Paper)

@misc{an2026lowenergy,
  title = {{Low-energy Muon-Nucleon scattering experiment: LUNE (White Paper)}},
  author = {Chenlei An and Dong Bai and Ziyu Bai and Kai Chen and Liangwen Chen and Xiang Chen and Jianqiao Deng and Yanxin Dou and Yicheng Feng and Zekai Feng and Lu Gao and Chang Gong and Aiqiang Guo and Liang Han and Qundong Han and Defu Hou and Ruiwen Hou and Huigang Hu and Chen Ji and Xiangdong Ji and Vijay Kumar and Dikai Li and Jiuzhao Li and Liang Li and Qite Li and Xin-Qiang Li and Yuan Li and Qiming Liang and Yutie Liang and Dong Liu and Duanqing Liu and Langtian Liu and Weijie Liu and Zejia Lu and Maowu Nie and Ziwen Pan and Hua Pei and Jinkang Peng and Shusu Shi and Qintao Song and Xiaocheng Song and Xiangming Sun and Yichen Sun and Zhiyu Sun and Enke Wang and Fei Wang and Hulin Wang and Jike Wang and Xiang-Peng Wang and Xiao Wang and Xin-Nian Wang and Yangxi Wang and Yaping Wang and Zeren Simon Wang and Yanbing Wei and Yuehong Xie and Weizhi Xiong and Nu Xu and Yu Xu and Siqi Yang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.29509},
  eprint = {2608.29509},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29509},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Low-energy Muon-Nucleon scattering experiment: LUNE (White Paper)
AU  - Chenlei An
AU  - Dong Bai
AU  - Ziyu Bai
AU  - Kai Chen
AU  - Liangwen Chen
AU  - Xiang Chen
AU  - Jianqiao Deng
AU  - Yanxin Dou
AU  - Yicheng Feng
AU  - Zekai Feng
AU  - Lu Gao
AU  - Chang Gong
AU  - Aiqiang Guo
AU  - Liang Han
AU  - Qundong Han
AU  - Defu Hou
AU  - Ruiwen Hou
AU  - Huigang Hu
AU  - Chen Ji
AU  - Xiangdong Ji
AU  - Vijay Kumar
AU  - Dikai Li
AU  - Jiuzhao Li
AU  - Liang Li
AU  - Qite Li
AU  - Xin-Qiang Li
AU  - Yuan Li
AU  - Qiming Liang
AU  - Yutie Liang
AU  - Dong Liu
AU  - Duanqing Liu
AU  - Langtian Liu
AU  - Weijie Liu
AU  - Zejia Lu
AU  - Maowu Nie
AU  - Ziwen Pan
AU  - Hua Pei
AU  - Jinkang Peng
AU  - Shusu Shi
AU  - Qintao Song
AU  - Xiaocheng Song
AU  - Xiangming Sun
AU  - Yichen Sun
AU  - Zhiyu Sun
AU  - Enke Wang
AU  - Fei Wang
AU  - Hulin Wang
AU  - Jike Wang
AU  - Xiang-Peng Wang
AU  - Xiao Wang
AU  - Xin-Nian Wang
AU  - Yangxi Wang
AU  - Yaping Wang
AU  - Zeren Simon Wang
AU  - Yanbing Wei
AU  - Yuehong Xie
AU  - Weizhi Xiong
AU  - Nu Xu
AU  - Yu Xu
AU  - Siqi Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/30
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.29509
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29509
AB  - The HIAF will provide high-intensity, high-quality muon beams with momenta from 0.5 to 7.5 GeV/c. This energy range is uniquely suited for precision muon scattering, bridging the gap between low-energy electron facilities and future high-energy lepton-ion colliders. In particular, HIAF will enable precision measurements with both positive and negative muon beams over a broad kinematic range, complementing existing electron-scattering facilities such as JLab, EicC and EIC. Based on HIAF muon source, the LUNE Collaboration has been established to address several fundamental questions in nuclear and particle physics, including the proton charge radius puzzle, nucleon electromagnetic structure, and the dynamics of quantum electrodynamics and hadronic interactions. The program proceeds in two phases, from elastic scattering to nucleon structure and beyond-Standard-Model searches. The experiment is expected to determine the proton charge radius with a precision of approximately 1.0\% using elastic muon-proton scattering. It will also perform systematic measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factors with both μ^+ and μ^- beams, enabling precise studies of two-photon exchange effects and stringent tests of quantum electrodynamics. Beyond elastic scattering, LUNE will investigate TMD, gravitational form factors, and nuclear charge radii, providing new insights into the 3D structure of nucleons and nuclei. The experiment will further address important topics including Coulomb-distortion corrections, nuclear medium effects, and possible signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model. This white paper presents the scientific motivation, detector concept, expected performance, and long-term strategy of LUNE.
ER  -