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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

Moderate-Dose Exercise Protects Against Heart Failure via Apelin/NLRP3 Mediated Inflammation

  • Dongli Gao1
  • Maoshuai Zhang2
  • Yuanhao Li1
  • Xuefei Liang1
  • Yue Dong1
  • Xulei Duan1
  • Niannian Ding1
  • Libo Wang1
  • Xuehui Wang1
  1. 1Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100 Xinxiang, Henan, China
  2. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Yongcheng People’s Hospital, 476600 Yongcheng, Henan, China
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Abstract

Background:: Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Although physical exercise is known to exert cardioprotective effects, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Methods:: We established a post-myocardial infarction (MI) HF mouse model via coronary artery ligation, followed by an 8-week exercise regimen at different intensities. Multi-omics sequencing was performed to identify alterations in inflammatory and metabolic pathways.

Results:: Moderate-dose exercise preserved cardiac function and attenuated ventricular remodeling. Metabolomic analysis indicated modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation via the Apelin pathway. Transcriptomics revealed that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, which was elevated after MI, was suppressed by moderate-dose exercise. Additionally, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—a key transcription factor regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses—was upregulated in the moderate-exercise group.

Conclusions:: Moderate-dose exercise protects against HF in mice by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. These findings support the standardization of exercise therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gao2026moderatedose,
  title = {{Moderate-Dose Exercise Protects Against Heart Failure via Apelin/NLRP3 Mediated Inflammation}},
  author = {Dongli Gao and Maoshuai Zhang and Yuanhao Li and Xuefei Liang and Yue Dong and Xulei Duan and Niannian Ding and Libo Wang and Xuehui Wang},
  journal = {Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.31083/rcm51174},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm51174},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moderate-Dose Exercise Protects Against Heart Failure via Apelin/NLRP3 Mediated Inflammation
AU  - Dongli Gao
AU  - Maoshuai Zhang
AU  - Yuanhao Li
AU  - Xuefei Liang
AU  - Yue Dong
AU  - Xulei Duan
AU  - Niannian Ding
AU  - Libo Wang
AU  - Xuehui Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
DO  - 10.31083/rcm51174
UR  - https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm51174
AB  - Background:: Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Although physical exercise is known to exert cardioprotective effects, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.  Methods:: We established a post-myocardial infarction (MI) HF mouse model via coronary artery ligation, followed by an 8-week exercise regimen at different intensities. Multi-omics sequencing was performed to identify alterations in inflammatory and metabolic pathways.  Results:: Moderate-dose exercise preserved cardiac function and attenuated ventricular remodeling. Metabolomic analysis indicated modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation via the Apelin pathway. Transcriptomics revealed that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, which was elevated after MI, was suppressed by moderate-dose exercise. Additionally, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—a key transcription factor regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses—was upregulated in the moderate-exercise group.  Conclusions:: Moderate-dose exercise protects against HF in mice by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. These findings support the standardization of exercise therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
SN  - 1530-6550
SN  - 2153-8174
ER  -