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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Proteomic and lipidomic characterization of Hemipyrellia ligurriens larval extracts using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS: Identification of putative antimicrobial molecules and preliminary functional assessment

  • Pluemkamon Phuwanatsarunya1
  • Sophit Khanthawong2
  • Worasak Kaewkong3
  • Tongjit Thanchomnang4
  • Chaturong Inpad5
  • Sudarat Onsurathum
  • Rapee Thummeepak
  • Ketsarin Thipphet
  • Kabkaew L. Sukontason
  • Tomomitsu Satho
  • Nophawan Bunchu
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
  2. 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
  3. 3Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
  4. 4Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  5. 5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract

Hemipyrellia ligurriens is a tropical blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of medical and forensic importance; however, the molecular composition of its larvae remains poorly characterized. Here, we provide the first integrative proteomic and lipidomic dataset describing the molecular composition of H. ligurriens larvae and comparing whole-body extracts (WE) with excretory-secretory (ES) products. Label-free LC-MS/MS analysis identified 9,444 proteins in WE and 10,977 proteins in ES products, revealing 7,896 shared proteins together with 1,548 WE-specific and 3,081 ES-specific proteins. The proportion of ES-specific proteins was significantly higher than that of WE-specific proteins (P < 0.001), highlighting pronounced compartment-specific molecular diversity. Among proteins with molecular weights below 20 kDa, several putative antimicrobial peptides and immune-associated proteins were detected, including defensin-like, diptericin-like, and attacin-like sequences, as well as lysozyme isoforms, serine proteases, and oxidative stress-related enzymes. Lipidomic profiling of WE by GC-MS identified 26 fatty acids, comprising both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Functional assays demonstrated selective but moderate antibacterial activity: WE inhibited Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas ES products inhibited only B. subtilis (MIC > 400 μg/ml), and no antifungal activity was detected under the tested conditions. Cytocompatibility assays in HaCaT keratinocytes showed no cytotoxic effects of WE across tested concentrations and increased MTT-based metabolic activity after 24 h exposure, whereas ES products slightly reduced cell viability at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml). These findings support compartment-specific molecular organization between larval tissues and secretions, expand the molecular resources available for tropical calliphorid flies, and provide a foundation for future purification, functional validation, and biomedical investigations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{phuwanatsarunya2026proteomic,
  title = {{Proteomic and lipidomic characterization of Hemipyrellia ligurriens larval extracts using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS: Identification of putative antimicrobial molecules and preliminary functional assessment}},
  author = {Pluemkamon Phuwanatsarunya and Sophit Khanthawong and Worasak Kaewkong and Tongjit Thanchomnang and Chaturong Inpad and Sudarat Onsurathum and Rapee Thummeepak and Ketsarin Thipphet and Kabkaew L. Sukontason and Tomomitsu Satho and Nophawan Bunchu},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0358738},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358738},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proteomic and lipidomic characterization of Hemipyrellia ligurriens larval extracts using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS: Identification of putative antimicrobial molecules and preliminary functional assessment
AU  - Pluemkamon Phuwanatsarunya
AU  - Sophit Khanthawong
AU  - Worasak Kaewkong
AU  - Tongjit Thanchomnang
AU  - Chaturong Inpad
AU  - Sudarat Onsurathum
AU  - Rapee Thummeepak
AU  - Ketsarin Thipphet
AU  - Kabkaew L. Sukontason
AU  - Tomomitsu Satho
AU  - Nophawan Bunchu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0358738
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358738
AB  - Hemipyrellia ligurriens is a tropical blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of medical and forensic importance; however, the molecular composition of its larvae remains poorly characterized. Here, we provide the first integrative proteomic and lipidomic dataset describing the molecular composition of H. ligurriens larvae and comparing whole-body extracts (WE) with excretory-secretory (ES) products. Label-free LC-MS/MS analysis identified 9,444 proteins in WE and 10,977 proteins in ES products, revealing 7,896 shared proteins together with 1,548 WE-specific and 3,081 ES-specific proteins. The proportion of ES-specific proteins was significantly higher than that of WE-specific proteins (P < 0.001), highlighting pronounced compartment-specific molecular diversity. Among proteins with molecular weights below 20 kDa, several putative antimicrobial peptides and immune-associated proteins were detected, including defensin-like, diptericin-like, and attacin-like sequences, as well as lysozyme isoforms, serine proteases, and oxidative stress-related enzymes. Lipidomic profiling of WE by GC-MS identified 26 fatty acids, comprising both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Functional assays demonstrated selective but moderate antibacterial activity: WE inhibited Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas ES products inhibited only B. subtilis (MIC > 400 μg/ml), and no antifungal activity was detected under the tested conditions. Cytocompatibility assays in HaCaT keratinocytes showed no cytotoxic effects of WE across tested concentrations and increased MTT-based metabolic activity after 24 h exposure, whereas ES products slightly reduced cell viability at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml). These findings support compartment-specific molecular organization between larval tissues and secretions, expand the molecular resources available for tropical calliphorid flies, and provide a foundation for future purification, functional validation, and biomedical investigations.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -