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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0ACS Omega

Ammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse and Corn Cob: Saccharification Enhancement and Ethanol Production by C6/C5 Cofermentations

  • Andressa Moreira do Nascimento1
  • Gisele de Fátima Leite Souza1
  • Daniel Pasquini1
  • Milla Alves Baffi1
  1. 1Federal University of Uberlândia , , , ,
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Abstract

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a key step in second-generation (2G) ethanol production. In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and corn cob (CC) were pretreated with 28–30% ammonium hydroxide (1:10 w/v ratio, 30 min, 180 °C) to promote lignin removal and enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. Delignification levels reached 65.5 and 73.5% in pretreated (PT) SCB and CC, (PTSCB and PTCC, respectively), with preservation of the polysaccharide fraction. The biomasses were submitted to enzymatic saccharification using Cellic CTec3 (12.5 FPU/g cellulose) at solid concentrations of 10–30%. Fed-batch hydrolysis with 30% solids released the highest total reducing sugars (TRS), achieving 65.15 g/L in PTSCB and 70.18 g/L in PTCC, with increases of 238 and 137% in comparison to the batch at 10% of substrate. The hydrolysates presented low levels of fermentative inhibitors and high concentrations of glucose (43.75 and 41.63 g/L) and xylose (18.12 and 18.75 g/L) in PTSCB and PTCC, respectively. The fermentation of PTCC hydrolysate with the nonconventional Spathaspora passalidarum Y7204 monoculture reached the ethanol production (26.34 g/L, Yp/s = 0.44, and Qp = 0.73 g/L·h), while the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y904 yielded 19.18 g/L (Yp/s = 0.47; Qp = 0.80 g/L·h). The cocultures of both yeasts generated around 20 g/L of ethanol; however, metabolic interactions and catabolic repression may have occurred. These findings evidenced the NH4OH pretreatment as a promising strategy for enhancing saccharification. In addition, the study highlighted the positive role of S. passalidarum in the hexose (C6) and pentose (C5) cofermentation of PTCC hydrolysate.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{nascimento2026ammonium,
  title = {{Ammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse and Corn Cob: Saccharification Enhancement and Ethanol Production by C6/C5 Cofermentations}},
  author = {Andressa Moreira do Nascimento and Gisele de Fátima Leite Souza and Daniel Pasquini and Milla Alves Baffi},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c01259},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/62458/5444280/Ammonium-Hydroxide-Pretreatment-of-Sugarcane},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ammonium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse and Corn Cob: Saccharification Enhancement and Ethanol Production by C6/C5 Cofermentations
AU  - Andressa Moreira do Nascimento
AU  - Gisele de Fátima Leite Souza
AU  - Daniel Pasquini
AU  - Milla Alves Baffi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/05
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c01259
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/62458/5444280/Ammonium-Hydroxide-Pretreatment-of-Sugarcane
AB  - The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a key step in second-generation (2G) ethanol production. In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and corn cob (CC) were pretreated with 28–30% ammonium hydroxide (1:10 w/v ratio, 30 min, 180 °C) to promote lignin removal and enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. Delignification levels reached 65.5 and 73.5% in pretreated (PT) SCB and CC, (PTSCB and PTCC, respectively), with preservation of the polysaccharide fraction. The biomasses were submitted to enzymatic saccharification using Cellic CTec3 (12.5 FPU/g cellulose) at solid concentrations of 10–30%. Fed-batch hydrolysis with 30% solids released the highest total reducing sugars (TRS), achieving 65.15 g/L in PTSCB and 70.18 g/L in PTCC, with increases of 238 and 137% in comparison to the batch at 10% of substrate. The hydrolysates presented low levels of fermentative inhibitors and high concentrations of glucose (43.75 and 41.63 g/L) and xylose (18.12 and 18.75 g/L) in PTSCB and PTCC, respectively. The fermentation of PTCC hydrolysate with the nonconventional Spathaspora passalidarum Y7204 monoculture reached the ethanol production (26.34 g/L, Yp/s = 0.44, and Qp = 0.73 g/L·h), while the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y904 yielded 19.18 g/L (Yp/s = 0.47; Qp = 0.80 g/L·h). The cocultures of both yeasts generated around 20 g/L of ethanol; however, metabolic interactions and catabolic repression may have occurred. These findings evidenced the NH4OH pretreatment as a promising strategy for enhancing saccharification. In addition, the study highlighted the positive role of S. passalidarum in the hexose (C6) and pentose (C5) cofermentation of PTCC hydrolysate.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -