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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Microbiology

Predominance of NDM and OXA‐48 Carbapenemase Coharboring Among Carbapenem Nonsusceptible Enterobacterales Isolates From Clinical Specimens at a Tertiary Hospital in Vietnam

  • Loan Hong Luong1,2
  • Tuyen Thanh Ha3
  • Quynh Nguyen3,4
  • Phu Thien Truong5
  • Duy Thanh Pham3
  • Tuan Minh Huynh1,2
  • My Dung Jusselme6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Gastro-Hepato Integrated Research Team (GHIRT-002.TCM2025) School of Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam hcmut.edu.vn
  2. 2Department of Medical Microbiology University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam bvdaihoc.com.vn
  3. 3Molecular Epidemiology Group Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam oucru.org
  4. 4Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK ox.ac.uk
  5. 5Department of Microbiology Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam choray.vn
  6. 6LEESU Univ Paris Est Creteil ENPC Institut Polytechnique de Paris Creteil France u-pec.fr
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Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a growing global public health threat. The increasing of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales limits treatment options. A better understanding of the phenotype and genotype distribution of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales is essential to prevent, reduce and control infection. This study is aimed at characterizing the phenotypic and genotypic carbapenemase profiles of carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales isolates collected from the diverse clinical specimens at a tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City.

Methods: A total of 619 carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales strains were isolated from 548 clinical specimens. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the BD Phoenix M50 system. Carbapenemase production was assessed using the modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). Carbapenemase‐encoding genes, including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-48, in isolates with positive or inconclusive mCIM results (559 of 619) were detected by multiplex RT‐PCR.

Results: The results showed that median patient age was 71 years (IQR 60–81), with 55.7% of patient being male and 28.3% admitted to the intensive care unit. Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated (56.5%), followed by Klebsiella aerogenes (14.7%) and E. coli (14.4%). Resistance rates were 87.7% for ertapenem and 78.7% for meropenem. mCIM positivity was high in K. pneumoniae (92.9%), K. aerogenes (93.4%), and Serratia marcescens (92.7%), but lower in E. coli (59.6%) and E. cloacae (40.0%). All 9 carbapenemase‐gene‐positive isolates with inconclusive mCIM carried bla OXA-48 alone. In K. pneumoniae, bla NDM‐bla OXA-48 co‐carriage was most common (39.3%), followed by bla OXA-48 alone (26.2%), bla KPC alone (11.9%), and bla NDM alone (8.3%). E. coli and K. aerogenes predominantly harbored bla OXA-48 alone (66.7% and 58.1%).

Conclusion: The findings show a high burden of carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital, largely driven by K. pneumoniae coharboring bla NDM and bla OXA-48. Continuous molecular surveillance and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship are urgently needed to limit their dissemination in Vietnam.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{luong2026predominance,
  title = {{Predominance of NDM and OXA‐48 Carbapenemase Coharboring Among Carbapenem Nonsusceptible Enterobacterales Isolates From Clinical Specimens at a Tertiary Hospital in Vietnam}},
  author = {Loan Hong Luong and Tuyen Thanh Ha and Quynh Nguyen and Phu Thien Truong and Duy Thanh Pham and Tuan Minh Huynh and My Dung Jusselme},
  journal = {International Journal of Microbiology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1155/ijm/5447477},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/5447477},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predominance of NDM and OXA‐48 Carbapenemase Coharboring Among Carbapenem Nonsusceptible Enterobacterales Isolates From Clinical Specimens at a Tertiary Hospital in Vietnam
AU  - Loan Hong Luong
AU  - Tuyen Thanh Ha
AU  - Quynh Nguyen
AU  - Phu Thien Truong
AU  - Duy Thanh Pham
AU  - Tuan Minh Huynh
AU  - My Dung Jusselme
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - International Journal of Microbiology
DO  - 10.1155/ijm/5447477
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/5447477
AB  - Background: Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a growing global public health threat. The increasing of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales limits treatment options. A better understanding of the phenotype and genotype distribution of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales is essential to prevent, reduce and control infection. This study is aimed at characterizing the phenotypic and genotypic carbapenemase profiles of carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales isolates collected from the diverse clinical specimens at a tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City.  Methods: A total of 619 carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales strains were isolated from 548 clinical specimens. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the BD Phoenix M50 system. Carbapenemase production was assessed using the modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). Carbapenemase‐encoding genes, including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-48, in isolates with positive or inconclusive mCIM results (559 of 619) were detected by multiplex RT‐PCR.  Results: The results showed that median patient age was 71 years (IQR 60–81), with 55.7% of patient being male and 28.3% admitted to the intensive care unit. Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated (56.5%), followed by Klebsiella aerogenes (14.7%) and E. coli (14.4%). Resistance rates were 87.7% for ertapenem and 78.7% for meropenem. mCIM positivity was high in K. pneumoniae (92.9%), K. aerogenes (93.4%), and Serratia marcescens (92.7%), but lower in E. coli (59.6%) and E. cloacae (40.0%). All 9 carbapenemase‐gene‐positive isolates with inconclusive mCIM carried bla OXA-48 alone. In K. pneumoniae, bla NDM‐bla OXA-48 co‐carriage was most common (39.3%), followed by bla OXA-48 alone (26.2%), bla KPC alone (11.9%), and bla NDM alone (8.3%). E. coli and K. aerogenes predominantly harbored bla OXA-48 alone (66.7% and 58.1%).  Conclusion: The findings show a high burden of carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital, largely driven by K. pneumoniae coharboring bla NDM and bla OXA-48. Continuous molecular surveillance and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship are urgently needed to limit their dissemination in Vietnam.
SN  - 1687-918X
SN  - 1687-9198
ER  -