Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Garcinia Fruits from Tropical Australia.
- 1Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
- 2Analytical Research Laboratory, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
Abstract
Garcinia species grow well in tropical regions and have been widely consumed, especially among local communities. Garcinia fruits and their byproducts contain a range of bioactive compounds that have potential to work as nutraceuticals or functional foods. We have determined the phytochemical constituents of rind, pulp and seeds from G. humilis, G. mangostana, G. dulcis and G. gummi-gutta fruits grown in tropical Queensland, Australia. We used Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to define the variations between species in the content of citric acid, hydroxycitric acid, benzophenones, garcinols, flavonoids, biflavonones, tocotrienols and other compounds. G. humilis rind has mainly citric acid (12.14% w/w) and procyanidin B₂ (6% w/w), with the seeds containing guttiferone derivatives (3.56% w/w) and garcinol (2.69% w/w). G. mangostana rind contained xanthones (6.49% w/w; α-mangostin 5.42% w/w), procyanidin B₂ (12.6% w/w), cyanidin glycoside (0.137% w/w) and hydroxycitric acid (0.42% w/w). The rind of G. dulcis contained benzophenones (7.86% w/w; garcinol: 6.35% w/w), citric acid (24% w/w) and morelloflavone (0.55% w/w); the seeds contained morelloflavone (2.9% w/w) and xanthone derivatives. G. gummi-gutta rind contained hydroxycitric acid (28.8% w/w) and citric acid (3.76% w/w/), whereas pulp contained citric acid (5.74% w/w) and seeds contained morelloflavone. G. humilis, G. dulcis and G. mangostana have more complex phytochemical constituents compared to G. gummi-gutta. This study showed that fruits from Garcinia species from tropical Australia are rich sources of phytochemicals that can be processed for the nutraceutical and food industries.
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BibTeX
@article{john2026phytochemical,
title = {{Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Garcinia Fruits from Tropical Australia.}},
author = {Oliver D John and Sunil K Panchal and Lindsay Brown and Peter Mouatt},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/foods15203720},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940357},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Garcinia Fruits from Tropical Australia.
AU - Oliver D John
AU - Sunil K Panchal
AU - Lindsay Brown
AU - Peter Mouatt
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
JO - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/foods15203720
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940357
AB - Garcinia species grow well in tropical regions and have been widely consumed, especially among local communities. Garcinia fruits and their byproducts contain a range of bioactive compounds that have potential to work as nutraceuticals or functional foods. We have determined the phytochemical constituents of rind, pulp and seeds from G. humilis, G. mangostana, G. dulcis and G. gummi-gutta fruits grown in tropical Queensland, Australia. We used Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to define the variations between species in the content of citric acid, hydroxycitric acid, benzophenones, garcinols, flavonoids, biflavonones, tocotrienols and other compounds. G. humilis rind has mainly citric acid (12.14% w/w) and procyanidin B₂ (6% w/w), with the seeds containing guttiferone derivatives (3.56% w/w) and garcinol (2.69% w/w). G. mangostana rind contained xanthones (6.49% w/w; α-mangostin 5.42% w/w), procyanidin B₂ (12.6% w/w), cyanidin glycoside (0.137% w/w) and hydroxycitric acid (0.42% w/w). The rind of G. dulcis contained benzophenones (7.86% w/w; garcinol: 6.35% w/w), citric acid (24% w/w) and morelloflavone (0.55% w/w); the seeds contained morelloflavone (2.9% w/w) and xanthone derivatives. G. gummi-gutta rind contained hydroxycitric acid (28.8% w/w) and citric acid (3.76% w/w/), whereas pulp contained citric acid (5.74% w/w) and seeds contained morelloflavone. G. humilis, G. dulcis and G. mangostana have more complex phytochemical constituents compared to G. gummi-gutta. This study showed that fruits from Garcinia species from tropical Australia are rich sources of phytochemicals that can be processed for the nutraceutical and food industries.
SN - 2304-8158
ER -